Medical Terminology: Chapters 3, 8, 9 Chapter 3: The InterviewActive listening: Listening attentively with the whole person: mind body, and spirit. It includes listening for main and supportive ideas; acknowledging and responding; giving appropriate feedback; and paying attention to the other persons total communication, including the content, intent and feeling expressed. Closed/Direct question: ask for specific information in short, one- or two-word answers.Communication: is the exchange of information so that each person clearly understands the other. Carries you and the patient thorough the interview. Confrontation: The nurse observes a certain action, feeling, or statement and you now focus the patient’s attention on it. Ex: “You say it dosent hurt, but you grimace when I touch you here.”Empathy: Understanding and acceptance of a person’s feelings and the ability to sensethe person’s private world. Facilitation: encourage the patient to say more. Ex: “mm-hmm, go on”Interpretation: Making an inference. Linking events, makes associations, or implies a cause based on your own conclusions. Nonverbal communication: communication using expressions, gesture, body posture, and positioning rather than words. Open-ended question: Asks for narrative information, gives the floor to the patient. Allows the patient to lead the conversation and free to answer in anyway. Reflection: Echoes the patients words. Repeating part of what the person has just said.Used to help the person focus on something they said or encourage them to express the feeling behind words. Subjective: Information gathered from patient statements; the patients feelings and perceptions. Not verifiable by another except by inference. Verbal communication: Sending of messages from one individual to another or to a group through the spoken word.Chapter 8: Assessment Techniques and the Clinical SettingAmplitude (intensity): the sound’s intensity, which may be loud or softAuscultation: listening to sounds made by the body, usually using a stethoscope. The heart, blood vessels, lungs, and abdomen are commonly auscultated areas.Inspection: method of physical examination by which the patient is visually systematically examined for apperarance, structure, function, and behavior. Nosocomial infection: Hospital-acquired infections. Ophthalmoscope: Instrument used to illuminate the structures of the eye to examine the fundus, which includes the retina, choroid, optic nerve disc, macula, fovea centralis, and retinal vessels. Otoscope: Instrument with a special ear speculum used to examine the deeper structures of the external and middle ear. Palpation: the use of touch to assess texture, temperature, moisture, and organ location and size. Helps identify swelling, vibrations, pulsations, rigidity or spasticity, crepitation, lumps or masses, and tenderness or pain.Percussion: tapping the patient’s skin with short, sharp strokes to create percussion sounds. This technique is used to assess the location, size, and density of an organ, detect an abnormal mass, or elicit a deep tendon reflex.Pitch (frequency): the number of vibrations per second and may be high-pitched or low-pitched.Quality (timbre): the subjective difference due to a sound’s distinctive overtones.Resonance: The sound produced by diagnostic percussion of the normal chest. The prolongation and intensification of sound produced by transmission of its vibrations to a cavity, especially such a sound elicited by percussion.Standard precautions: guidelines recommended by the CDC to reduce risk of transmission of bloodborne and other pathogens in hospitals. Stethoscope: a medical instrument for listening to sounds generate inside the bodyBell: use for soft, low-pitched sounds, such as extra heart sounds or murmurs.Diaphragm: use for high-pitched sounds, such as breath, bowel, and normal heart sounds. Tympany: A low-pitched, resonant, drumlike note obtained by percussing the surface ofa large air-containing space.Chapter 9: General Survey, Measurement, Vital SignsApnea: absence of respirations for a period of timeBradycardia: slower-than-normal heart rate; heart contracts fewer than 60 times/minBradypnea: abnormally slow rate of breathingDiastolic pressure: the elastic recoil (or resting) pressure the blood exerts constantly between contractions.Hyperthermia: situation in which body temperature exceeds the set point, body absorbs more heat than it dissipates. Hypothermia: abnormal lowering of body temperature below 35 degree C, or 95 degree F, usually caused by prolonged exposure to cold. Mean arterial pressure (MAP): the pressure forcing blood into the tissues, averaged over the cardiac output.Orthostatic hypotension: Abnormally low blood pressure occurring when a person stands. Pulse: The force of the heart pumping blood into the aorta flares the arterial walls and generates a pressure wave. This wave is felt as a pulse in the periphery. Pulse pressure: the difference between the systolic and diastolic pressures and reflects the stroke volume. Normally 30 to 40 mm Hg. Rate:Rhythm:Sphygmomanometer: device for measuring the arterial blood pressure that consists of an arm or leg cuff with an air bladder connected to a tube, a bulb for pumping air into the bladder, and a gauge for indicating the amount of air pressure being exerted againstthe artery. (BP cuff) Sinus arrhythmia: common in children and young adults. Symmetry:Systolic pressure: the maximum pressure felt on the artery during left ventricular contraction (or systole).Tachycardia: rapid regular heart rate ranging between 100 and 150 beats/min.Tachypnea: Abnormally rapid rate of breathing. Tympanic membrane thermometer: measures temperature of the tympanic membrane in the