Chapter 23Structure and FunctionThree Types of Neuro ExamsReview of AnatomyAnatomy ReviewSlide 6Slide 7Structure and Function: Central Nervous System (CNS) (cont.)Slide 9Cerebral CortexPeripheral NSPeripheral NS: Spinal NervesAnatomy: Spinal CordPeripheral NS: Autonomic NS“Flight or Fight” ResponseStructure and Function: Peripheral Nervous SystemReview Anatomy: Crainial NervesReview Anatomy: Cranial NervesSlide 19ReflexesAge Considerations: InfantsAge Considerations: Aging AdultAge Considerations: Aging Adult cont’d.Slide 24Slide 25Complete Neuro ExamRapid Neuro Assessment of those with Minor/Intermittent Symptoms“Neuro Check” in Acute CareSubjective Data: Health History QuestionsAdditional Q’s for Infants/ChildrenAdditional Q’s for Aging AdultBegin with Mental Status/Speech AssessmentLevel of Consciousness (LOC)Painful Stimuli for ArousalCheck Cranial NervesAssess CN III, IV & VIAssess CN VAssess CN VIIAssess CN VIIIAssess CN IX and XAssess CN XIAssess CN XIIAssess “Motor System”Asses Cerebellar FunctionAssess CoordinationAssess SensoryOther Assessment Tract (Distal to Proximal)Physical Exam: ReflexesDiagram of ReflexesAssess ReflexesReflexes cont’d.Superficial ReflexesGrade 4+ ReflexPediatric ConsiderationsAssessment of Pediatric ReflexesCommon Neurologic DisordersSlide 57Common Neurological Disorders: Parkinson’s DiseaseOther AbnormalitiesNursing DiagnosesImages of Neurological ProblemsSample chartingChapter 23Chapter 23Neurologic SystemNeurologic SystemStructure and FunctionStructure and FunctionNervous system divided into two parts:Nervous system divided into two parts:Central nervous system (CNS), which Central nervous system (CNS), which includes brain and spinal cordincludes brain and spinal cordPeripheral nervous system (PNS), which Peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all nerve fibers outside brain and includes all nerve fibers outside brain and spinal cordspinal cordIncludes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and all their branchesspinal nerves, and all their branchesSlide 23-Slide 23-22Three Types of Neuro ExamsThree Types of Neuro ExamsScreeningScreeningCompleteCompleteNeurological RecheckNeurological RecheckReview of AnatomyReview of AnatomyThree parts:Three parts:CNSCNSBrain and spinal cordBrain and spinal cordPeripheral nervous systemPeripheral nervous systemCarries sensory messagesCarries sensory messages toto and and motor messages motor messages fromfrom12 pairs of cranial nerves12 pairs of cranial nerves31 pairs of spinal nerves and branches31 pairs of spinal nerves and branchesAutonomic nervous systemAutonomic nervous systemAnatomy ReviewAnatomy ReviewReview CNSReview CNSCerebral cortexCerebral cortexCerebrumCerebrumCerebellumCerebellumComponents of CNSComponents of CNSDiencephalonDiencephalonBrain stemBrain stemMidbrainMidbrainPonsPonsMedullaMedullaStructure and FunctionStructure and FunctionNervous system divided into two parts:Nervous system divided into two parts:Central nervous system (CNS), which Central nervous system (CNS), which includes brain and spinal cordincludes brain and spinal cordPeripheral nervous system (PNS), which Peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all nerve fibers outside brain and includes all nerve fibers outside brain and spinal cordspinal cordIncludes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and all their branchesspinal nerves, and all their branchesSlide 23-Slide 23-66Structure and FunctionStructure and FunctionNervous system divided into two parts:Nervous system divided into two parts:Central nervous system (CNS), which Central nervous system (CNS), which includes brain and spinal cordincludes brain and spinal cordPeripheral nervous system (PNS), which Peripheral nervous system (PNS), which includes all nerve fibers outside brain and includes all nerve fibers outside brain and spinal cordspinal cordIncludes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of Includes 12 pairs of cranial nerves, 31 pairs of spinal nerves, and all their branchesspinal nerves, and all their branchesSlide 23-Slide 23-77Structure and Function:Structure and Function:Central Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS)(CNS) (cont.)(cont.)Cerebral cortex (cont.)Cerebral cortex (cont.)Lobes have areas that mediate specific Lobes have areas that mediate specific functions:functions:Frontal lobe concerned with personality, Frontal lobe concerned with personality, behavior, emotions, and intellectual functionbehavior, emotions, and intellectual functionParietal lobe’s postcentral gyrus is primary Parietal lobe’s postcentral gyrus is primary center for sensationcenter for sensationOccipital lobe is primary visual receptor centerOccipital lobe is primary visual receptor centerTemporal lobe behind ear, has primary auditory Temporal lobe behind ear, has primary auditory reception center, taste, and smellreception center, taste, and smellSlide 23-Slide 23-88Structure and Function:Structure and Function:Central Nervous System Central Nervous System (CNS)(CNS) (cont.)(cont.)Cerebral cortex (cont.)Cerebral cortex (cont.)Lobes have areas that mediate specific Lobes have areas that mediate specific functions (cont.):functions (cont.):Wernicke’s area in temporal lobe associated Wernicke’s area in temporal lobe associated with language comprehensionwith language comprehensionBroca’s area in frontal lobe mediates motor Broca’s area in frontal lobe mediates motor speech speech Slide 23-Slide 23-99Cerebral CortexCerebral CortexSlide 23-Slide 23-1010Peripheral NSPeripheral NSNervous tissue outside of central Nervous tissue outside of central nervous systemnervous systemSpinal nervesSpinal nervesAutonomic nervous systemAutonomic nervous systemCranial nervesCranial nervesPeripheral NS: Spinal NervesPeripheral NS: Spinal Nerves31 pairs of spinal nerves31 pairs of spinal nervesTwo rootsTwo rootsDoral (afferent)Doral (afferent)Each innervates a specific area of Each innervates a specific area of the skin: dermatomethe skin: dermatomeVentral (efferent)Ventral (efferent)Anatomy: Spinal CordAnatomy: Spinal CordSpinal cord is shorter than vertebral Spinal cord is shorter than vertebral columncolumnLumbar & sacral nerves: longer