Medical Terminology: Chapters 5 & 23Chapter 5Abstract reasoning: Affect: temporary expression of feelings or state of mindAttention: the power of concentration, the ability to focus on one specific thing without being distracted by environmental stimuli. Consciousness: Being aware of one’s own existence, feelings and thoughts and aware of the environment. *elementary of mental status functionsLanguage: using voice to communicate one’s thoughts and feelings. Memory (recent and remote): the ability to lay down and store experiences and perceptions for later recall. Recent memory evokes day-to-day events… remote memory bings up years worth of experiences. Mental disorder: a significant behavioral or psychological patter tha tis associated with distress (a painful symptom) or disability (impaired function). Mental status: Mood: a prolonged display of feelings that color the wole emotional life. Organic disorder: mental disorder due to brain disease of known specific organic cause (example: delirium, dementia, alcohol and drug intoxication withdrawal. Orientation: The awareness of the objective world in relation to the self. Perception: An awareness of objects through the five senses. Thought process: The way a person things, the logical train of thoughtPsychiatric mental illness: mental disorder, where an organic etiology has not been established (ex: schizophrenia) Chapter 23Achilles reflex (ankle jerk): Knee flexed and hip externally rotated. Hold foot in dorsiflexion, and strike the Achilles tendon. Feel the normal response as the foot plantar flexes against your hand. Aphasia: inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesionAtaxia: inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gaitBabinski sign (plantar reflex): stroke the lateral side of the sole of the foot and inward across the ball. Plantar Flexion:flexion of toes and inversion and flexion of forefoot. Babinski relext occurs in infancy. Dorsiflexion of big toe and fanning of all toes. cerebrovascular accident:clonus: convulsion characterized by alternating contractions and relaxationsCranial Nerves: Enter and exit the brain rather than the spinal cord. Cranial nerves 1 and 2 extend from the cerebrum, and cranial nerves 3 through 12 extend from the lower diencephalon and brain stem. The 12 pairs of cranial nerves supply primarily the head and neck, except for the vagus nerve, which travels to the head, respiratory muscles, stomach, and gallbladder. Cranial nerves are responsible for the senses of smell, taste, vision, and hearing as well as other sensory and motor functions.deep tendon reflexes: Myotatic, (ex: patelar knee jerk.) dermatome: a circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve. dysarthria: dyskinesia: dysphasia: extinction: fasciculation: flaccidity: decreased muscle tone or hypotonia; muscle feels limo, soft, and flabby; muscle is weak and easily fatigued; limb feels like a ragdollGlasgow Coma Scale: a standardized, objective assessment that defines the level of consciousness by giving it a numeric value. Moro reflex: When startled or upset infants moves as though it is hugging a tree. Symetric abduction and extention of the arms and legs, fanning of fingers, curling of the index finger and thumb to C-position occur. Then the infant brings arms and legs in. Paralysis: Paresthesia: Proprioception: Reflex arc: Romberg test: Spasticity: Increased tone or hypertonia; increased resistance to passive lengthening; then may suddenly give way(clasp-knife phenomenon) like a pocket knife sprung openVertigo: rotational spinning caused by neurologic disease in the vestibular apparatus in the ear orin the vestibular nuclei on the
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