Medical Terminology: Chapters 5 & 23Chapter 5Abstract reasoning: the ability to consider a hypothetical situationAffect: temporary expression of feelings or state of mindAttention: the power of concentration, the ability to focus on one specific thing without being distracted by environmental stimuli. Consciousness: Being aware of one’s own existence, feelings and thoughts and awareof the environment. *elementary of mental status functionsLanguage: using voice to communicate one’s thoughts and feelings. Memory (recent and remote): the ability to lay down and store experiences and perceptions for later recall. Recent memory evokes day-to-day events… remote memory bings up years worth of experiences. Mental disorder: a significant behavioral or psychological patter tha tis associated with distress (a painful symptom) or disability (impaired function). Mental status: A person’s emotional (feeling) and cognitive (knowing) function. Mood: a prolonged display of feelings that color the wole emotional life. Organic disorder: mental disorder due to brain disease of known specific organic cause (example: delirium, dementia, alcohol and drug intoxication withdrawal. Orientation: The awareness of the objective world in relation to the self. Perception: An awareness of objects through the five senses. Thought process: The way a person things, the logical train of thoughtPsychiatric mental illness: mental disorder, where an organic etiology has not been established (ex: schizophrenia) Chapter 23Achilles reflex (ankle jerk): Knee flexed and hip externally rotated. Hold foot in dorsiflexion, and strike the Achilles tendon. Feel the normal response as the foot plantarflexes against your hand.Aphasia: True language disturbance, defect in word choice and grammar or defect in comprehension; defect is in higher integrative language processing. Inability to use or understand language (spoken or written) because of a brain lesion.Ataxia: inability to coordinate voluntary muscle movements; unsteady movements and staggering gaitBabinski sign (plantar reflex): occurs when the big toe moves toward the top surface of the foot dorsiflexion of big toe and fanning of toes. Stroke the lateral aspect of the sole of the foot from heel to the ball. This reflex, or sign, is normal in very young children. It is not normal after age 2. Plantar flexion of toes is normal after age two. cerebrovascular accident: brain lesions (trauma, tumor, brain attack(stroke))clonus: convulsion characterized by alternating contractions and relaxations. Repeatedreflex muscular movements. Cranial Nerves: Enter and exit the brain rather than the spinal cord. Cranial nerves 1 and 2 extend from the cerebrum, and cranial nerves 3 through 12 extend from the lower diencephalon and brain stem. The 12 pairs of cranial nerves supply primarily the head and neck, except for the vagus nerve, which travels to the head, respiratory muscles, stomach, and gallbladder. Cranial nerves are responsible for the senses of smell, taste, vision, and hearing as well as other sensory and motor functions.deep tendon reflexes: Myotatic, (ex: patelar knee jerk.) dermatome: a circumscribed skin area that is supplied mainly from one spinal cord segment through a particular spinal nerve. dysarthria: Distorted speech sounds; speech may sound unintelligible; basic language (word choice, gramar, comprehension) intact.dyskinesia: the repeditive stereotyped movements in the jaw, lips, or tongue that may accompany senile tremorsdysphasia: impairment in speech consisting of lack of coordination and inibility to arrange words in their proper orderextinction: disappearance of conditioned responcefasciculation: rapid continuous twitching of resting muscle without movement of limbflaccidity: decreased muscle tone or hypotonia; muscle feels limo, soft, and flabby; muscle is weak and easily fatigued; limb feels like a ragdollGlasgow Coma Scale: a standardized, objective assessment that defines the level of consciousness by giving it a numeric value. Moro reflex: When startled or upset infants moves as though it is hugging a tree. Symetric abduction and extention of the arms and legs, fanning of fingers, curling of the index finger and thumb to C-position occur. Then the infant brings arms and legs in. Paralysis: decreased or loss of motor function due to problem with motor nerve or muscle fibersParesthesia: abnormal sensation (i.e., burning numbness, tingling, prickling, crawling skin sensation)Proprioception: sensory information concerning body movements and position of the body in spaceReflex arc: basic defense mechanisms of the nervous system. Involuntary. Romberg test: ask person to stand up and then close eyes. A abnormal sign is loss of balance once eyes are closed. Spasticity: continuous resistance to stretching by muscle due to abnormally increased tension, with increased deep tendon reflexesVertigo: rotational spinning caused by neurologic disease in the vestibular apparatus in the ear or in the vestibular nuclei in the
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