HIST 150C3: EXAM 1
63 Cards in this Set
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Blitzkrieg
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German military strategy.
1- Germans employed mechanized infantry by using heavy alterity, machine guns, etc..
2- Germans relied on Armored forces (tanks, guns)
3- Tax/overwhelm enemies line of communication (coordinated attacks of ground and air forces which made people surrender quic…
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Nuremberg Laws
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Race laws in 1935 that defined who was Jewish, oppose restrictions of anyone of Jewish descent. Doesn't matter if practicing, only ancestry (went back 3-4 generations). Many german-jews weren't practicing but were caught in the fight. Laws also denied german-jews citizenship, and barred t…
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Allies
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France, Poland, Britain, U.S. (after 1941), USSR
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Axis
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Italy, Japan, Germany
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Repatriation
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The U.S. deported Mexicans in the western half of the U.S. These immigrants moved from Mexico, and the U.S. did not differentiate between those born in the U.S. and Mexico. 365,000 were repatriated. Affected California a lot because 1/2 of the population was decreased after the program. D…
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Okies
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White farmers move to California, moved from regions affected by the Dust Bowl (many from Oklahoma) 2/3 of California's farmer population, economic effects shaped migration.
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Preparedness
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A U.S. economic situation that made us prepared for war but not actually in war. 1939-41, it enlarged U.S. military by making ties with Britain and other certain allies, converted American industries over to different products so they could produce for war, U.S. was producing war material…
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Dust Bowl
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1930s; caused by agricultural technologies caused to the Great Plains by farmers. Cause health issues like pneumonia. A drought of sorts that spread into Kansas, Colorado, Oklahoma, and Texas. Children had to wear masks to school, also caused by farmers, lasted around 8 years. Food: famil…
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Bracero program
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1941-64 The U.S. imported Mexican farmers to the U.S. during WWII. Workers must be registered as "Braceros," 80,000 workers passed through El Paso, Texas beginning of program every year. Especially worked with cotton, sugar, cucumbers, tomatoes, 12-14 hours a day (back breaking labor), cr…
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The Great Migration
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was the movement of 6 million African Americans out of the rural Southern United States to the urban Northeast, Midwest, and West that occurred between 1910 and 1970.
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Rosie the Riveter
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A symbol for woman's labor movement. White woman who wore a factory uniform but with feminine touches like a scarf on head and makeup on face.
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Women's Army Corps
(WAC)
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In 1942, women became involved in WWII, jobs were not directly in combat but did safe labor and domestic jobs involved in WWII. 150,000 women were in this program
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Oveta Culp Hobby
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Colonel; WAC director; stressed that women did administrative/clerical work so that more men could be in combat. Rises to Colonel, distinguished service metal
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Sam Philips
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A fan of race records (records created by African Americans). He thought they needed to be marketed more widely for whites too so he created his own record label in the deep south in Missippi
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Sun Records
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Record label created by Sam Phillips that "recorded anything, anywhere, any time." Its first artists were black people from the rural areas but then grew to rural whites. Started rock'n Roll and was Elvis' label too
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Normalcy
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When integration was pushed too much, Elvis was drafted into the military
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A. Phillip Randolph
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Pushed government to desegregate armed forces, president of the Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters Union. Calls for a nation-wide protest in Washington DC in 1941
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March on Washington
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Called for by A. Phillip Randoph, but FDR tried to prevent it because it looked bad for there to be a large movement while we were about to go to war. The movement was to support U.S. democracy. 50,000 African Americans pledged to march because there was inequality in the defense industry…
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Fair Employment Practices Committee (FEPC)
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Organized to investigarte unequal rights. While war is going on it released a report saying there was significant discrimination and leads to FDR passing an executive order
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executive order #8802
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Said the U.S. could not discriminate employment within the defense industry. Does not desegregate the military, but helps blacks gain awareness to the democrat party and now they start to vote for them.
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Committee on Civil Rights
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Promised by Truman if he was elected it would racial relations within the U.S. They made 3 recommendations to Truman.
1- to make an anti-lynching bill
2- end voter discrimination
3- desegregate the military.
Truman desegregated the military on July 26th 1948
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Dixiecrats
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White democrats that want segregation. Official party name established is the States Rights Democratic Party
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Strom Thurmond
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Dixiecrats candidate for presidency, is voted by LA, MISS, Alabama, and South Carolina. Receives 1 electoral vote in Tennessee.
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NAACP
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Prominent organization that promoted Civil Rights, wanted to fight the courts, end white primary, and end Jim Crow. Tolled for a case to overturn Plessy vs. Ferguson, Brown vs. the Board of Education was this case. Choose Thurgood Marshall as lawyer
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Thurgood Marshall
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Lawyer and NAACP representative in cases like Brown vs. Board of Education and Smith vs Allright. Head of NAACP's legal defense fund
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Dr. Hector P. Garcia
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Mexican man who was a major in the army, he grew up in a segregated Texas society, along with other Mexican Americans he creates the American GI Forum, has big problem when a Mexican soldier cannot be buried in the same place as all other soliders and writes an article brining attention t…
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Corpus Christie
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Town where Hector Garcia is born. in Texas. Heavily segregated town.
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American G.I. Forum,
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Rights of Mexican American soldiers in WWII. Drafted by Hector Garcia, it lobbied for rights for Mexicans
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Felix Z. Longoria
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Soldier who's body wouldn't be buried in the national cemetery because of his mexican race. Eventually the GI Forum lobbied for the right of his burial and he was buried in the American National Cemetery with other war heroes.
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Brown v. Board of Education (1954)
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Dismentaled Jim Crow laws; May 17, 1954; wanted to end segregation in public schools and the Supreme court ruled in favor of the NAACP
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Little Rock Crisis, Arkansas, 1957term-30
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There was a surge in KKK membership after Brown vs. the Board of Education. Klan used confederate flag, White citizen's council is formed. Attempted to "out" NAACP members.
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White Citizen's council
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Didn't use violence against blacks but used political imitation to make NAACP members lose their jobs and reputation for being apart of the organization
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Secretary of Labor
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is the head of the U.S. Department of Labor, exercises control over the department, and enforces and suggests laws involving unions, the workplace, and all other issues involving any form of business-person controversies.
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Senator Joseph R. McCarthy
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was an American politician who served as a Republican U.S. Senator from the state of Wisconsin from 1947 until his death in 1957. Beginning in 1950, McCarthy became the most visible public face of a period in which Cold War tensions fueled fears of widespread Communist subversion.
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Smith v Allright
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was a landmark decision of the United States Supreme Court with regard to voting rights and, by extension, racial desegregation. It overturned the Texas state law that authorized the Democratic Party to set its internal rules, including the use of white primaries.
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Second Reconstruction
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During the Second Reconstruction, African-Americans once again began holding various political offices, and reasserting and reclaiming their civil and political rights as American citizens. Unlike the first period of Reconstruction most African-Americans abandoned the Republican Party for…
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Legal Defense and Educational Fund
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The NAACP Legal Defense and Educational Fund, Inc. is a leading United States civil rights organization and law firm based in New York City.
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Civil Rights Act of 1957
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enacted September 9, 1957, primarily a voting rights bill, was the first civil rights legislation passed by Congress in the United States since the 1866 and 1875 Acts. The Civil Rights Act of 1957 was also Congress's show of support for the Supreme Court's Brown decisions.
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Daisy Bates
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was an American civil rights activist, publisher, journalist, and lecturer who played a leading role in the Little Rock Integration Crisis of 1957.
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Orval Faubus
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was the 36th Governor of Arkansas, serving from 1955 to 1967. He is best known for his 1957 stand against the desegregation of the Little Rock School District during the Little Rock Crisis, in which he defied a unanimous decision of the United States Supreme Court by ordering the Arkansas…
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International Press Institute
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International Press Institute (IPI) is a global organisation dedicated to the promotion and protection of press freedom and the improvement of journalism practices. Founded in October 1950, the IPI has members in over 120 countries.
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Ben West
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was an attorney, politician, and mayor of Nashville, Tennessee from 1951 to 1963, and state senator from 1949 to 1951. While state senator, he supported a change from at-large to single-member district voting to the Nashville City Council. This enabled the African-American minority to ele…
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The States' Rights
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In American political discourse, states' rights refers to political powers reserved for the U.S. state governments rather than the federal government according to the United States Constitution, reflecting especially the enumerated powers of Congress and the Tenth Amendment.
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Fisk University, Nashville
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In 1930, Fisk was the first African-American institution to gain accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools. Accreditations for specialized programs quickly followed.
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Diane Nash
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was a leader and strategist of the student wing of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement.
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James Lawson
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is an American activist and university professor. He was a leading theoretician and tactician of nonviolence within the American Civil Rights Movement.
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Ella Baker
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was an African-American civil rights and human rights activist. She was a largely behind-the-scenes organizer whose career spanned over five decades.
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Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)
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was one of the most important organizations of the American Civil Rights Movement in the 1960s. It emerged from a student meeting organized by Ella Baker held at Shaw University in April 1960.
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JFK
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U.S. president. the establishment of the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and the increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.
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Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC)
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The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads (and later trucking) to ensure fair rates, to eliminate rate discrimination, and to regulate other aspects of common carriers, including interstate bus lines and telephone companies.
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Freedom Ride
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were civil rights activists who rode interstate buses into the segregated southern United States in 1961 and following years to challenge the non-enforcement of the United States Supreme Court decisions
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John Seigenthaler
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was an American journalist, writer, and political figure. He was known as a prominent defender of First Amendment rights.
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March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom
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was one of the largest political rallies for human rights in United States history and called for civil and economic rights for African Americans.
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Freedom Song
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is a made-for-TV film based on true stories of the Civil Rights Movement in Mississippi in the 1960s. It tells the story of the struggle of African Americans to register to vote in the fictional town of Quinlan.
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Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)
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is an African-American civil rights organization. SCLC, which is closely associated with its first president, Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement.
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vietnam war
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was a Cold War-era proxy war that occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955[A 1] to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975.
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Civil Right
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is a landmark piece of civil rights legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.
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November 22, 1963
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Death of JFK
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Voting Rights Act of 1965
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Designed to enforce the voting rights guaranteed by the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the United States Constitution, the Act resulted in the mass enfranchisement of racial minorities throughout the country, especially in the South. most effective civil right act
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President Lyndon B. Johnson
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President he designed the "Great Society" legislation upholding civil rights, public broadcasting, Medicare, Medicaid, aid to education, the arts, urban and rural development, public services, and his "War on Poverty"
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Operation Rolling Thunder
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was the title of a gradual and sustained US 2nd Air Division (later Seventh Air Force), US Navy, and Republic of Vietnam Air Force (VNAF) aerial bombardment campaign conducted against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 2 March 1965 until 2 November 1968, during the Vi…
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Anti-War Protests
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The movement against U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War began small-among peace activists and leftist intellectuals on college campuses-but gained national prominence in 1965, after the United States began bombing North Vietnam in earnest.
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Henry Kissinger
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he pioneered the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, orchestrated the opening of relations with the People's Republic of China, and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in the Vietnam War.
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HIST 150C3: EXAM 1