Fisk University, NashvilleDiane NashJames LawsonJohn LewisElla BakerStudent Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)John F. Kennedy, Jr.Interstate commerce Commission (ICC)Freedom Rides, 1961Gov. John PattersonJohn Seigenthaler“Outside agitators”Freedom songsMarch on WashingtonMartin Luther King Jr.Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)Vietnam War (1957-1975)November 22, 1963Civil Rights Act (1964)Voting Rights Act (1965)President Lyndon B. Johnson“Operation Rolling Thunder”Henry Kissinger Anti-War ProtestsFisk University, NashvilleFisk University is the first African-American institution to gain accreditation by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schoolsfounded in 1866 in Nashville, Tennessee. Diane NashShe was a leader and strategist of the student wing of the 1960s Civil Rights Movement. In February 1961 she served jail time with the "Rock Hill Nine" — nine students imprisoned after a lunch counter sit-in.James LawsonHer efforts included the first successful integrating lunch counters, the Freedom Riders, co-founding the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and working on the Selma Voting Rights Movement, which resulted in African Americans getting the right to register to vote and gain political power throughout the South.John LewisLewis is the only living "Big Six" leader; having been the chairman of the SNCC, playing a key role to end legalized racial discrimination and segregation. He also has served in the Whip organization since shortly after his first election to the U.S. Congress.Ella BakerBaker was one of the most important African American leaders of the twentieth century and perhaps the most influential woman in the civil rights movement, who had been worked for most important civil right leaders for five decades. Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee (SNCC)SNCC was founded in 1960, by young people who had emerged as leaders of the sit-in protest movement initiated by four black college students in Greensboro, North Carolina. It is conceived when Baker encouraged the more than 200 student attendees to remain autonomous.John F. Kennedy, Jr.JFK was the 35th president to US from 1961 until his assassination by Lee Harvey Oswald in Dallas in 1963, the African-American Civil Rights Movement, and the increased U.S. involvement in the Vietnam War.Interstate commerce Commission (ICC)The agency's original purpose was to regulate railroads to ensure fair rates, to eliminate racial discrimination, and to regulate other interstate bus lines and telephone companies. Congress expandedICC authority to regulate other commerce from 1906.Freedom Rides, 1961A group of 13 African-American launched the Freedom Rides, a series of bus trips through the American South to protest segregation in interstate bus terminals. The first Freedom Ride left Washington, D.C., on May 4, 1961, and was scheduled to arrive in New Orleans on May 17.Gov. John PattersonHe was the 44th Governor of Alabama, having served a single term from 1959 to 1963. Previously, he was his state's attorney general. He failed reform efforts of founding of education, and continued support of segregation. John SeigenthalerHe was known as a defender of First Amendment rights. He resigned in 1960 to act as Robert F. Kennedy's administrative assistant. He rejoined The Tennessean as editor in 1962, publisherin 1973. “Outside agitators”It is the Negroes of the State of Alabama. Outside agitators have created any major friction occurring between the races.Freedom songs Freedom songs were a way of life that contained many feelings, serving as mechanism for unity among the black. The song “We Shall Overcome” quickly became the face of the movement.March on WashingtonThousands of Americans headed to Washington on Tuesday August 27, 1963. The march is credited with helping to pass the Civil Rights Act (1964) and preceded the Selma Voting Rights Movement. The march involved and nonviolent direct action acrossthe United States.Martin Luther King Jr.He led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC) in 1957, and organized the 1963 nonviolent protests in Birmingham, Alabama. In 1965, he helped to organize the Selma to Montgomery marches and spoke against the Vietnam War. In 1968, King was assassinated on April 4 in Memphis, Tennessee.Southern Christian Leadership Conference (SCLC)It had a large role in the American Civil Rights Movement, and organized March on Washington, St. Augustine protests, Selma Voting Rights Movement and the march to Montgomery, Grenada Freedom Movement.Vietnam War (1957-1975)The war occurred in Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia from 1 November 1955 to the fall of Saigon on 30 April 1975. The North Vietnamese government and the Viet Cong viewed the conflict as a colonial war, fought initially against forces from France and then America. November 22, 1963Shortly after noon on November 22, 1963, Lee Harvey Oswald assassinated President John F. Kennedy as president rode in a motorcade through Dealey Plaza in downtown Dallas, Texas.Civil Rights Act (1964)President Lyndon Johnson signed this law after House approval on July 2, 1964. The act outlawed segregation in businesses such as theaters, restaurants, and hotels.Voting Rights Act (1965)Johnson signed this act on August 6, 1965, aimed to overcome legal barriers that prevented African Americans to vote under the 15th Amendment (1870) to the Constitution of the United States.President Lyndon B. JohnsonJohnson completed Kennedy's term and was elected President in his own right in the 1964 election, winning by a large margin over Republican opponent Arizona Senator Barry Goldwater. “Operation Rolling Thunder”Operation Rolling Thunder was the bombardment against the Democratic Republic of Vietnam (North Vietnam) from 1965 to 1968. The objectives were to boost the morale, to persuade North Vietnam to cease its support for the South communist insurgency, to destroy North Vietnam's foundational systems, and to halt the flow of men and material into South Vietnam.Henry Kissinger Anti-War ProtestsHe served as National Security Advisor who assisted Presidents Richard Nixon. He pioneered the policy of détente with the Soviet Union, orchestrated the opening of relations with the People's Republic of China, and negotiated the Paris Peace Accords, ending American involvement in the Vietnam