HIST 150C3 1st EditionFinal Exam Study Guide Lectures: 12 - 24Lecture 12 (March 4)Women and the Great War“Respectability”Women, race, and public space in the Victorian Era-respectable women lives centered around a domestic/private sphere-in public they had to be chaperoned by their husband or a male relativeStereotypes of black women-black women lives were open to outside interference at all times-held in public slave pens so their bodies could be inspected publicly-could not be respectable because their bodies were seen as being publicBlack clubwomen-had to present themselves as proper ladies: wore hats to cover heads, wore gloves, and long dresses-sought to show no skin in public-most visible proponents of black women respectability-middle class black women: joined literary societies-grew in popularity by the late 19th century-worked to oppose issues such as lynching and universal suffrage-focused on issues involving children and families, locally National Association of Colored Women (NACW)-formed in 1896-led the way for reforming lynching-group focused on middle class New Women and Public Space-department stores paid a lot of attention to women -businesses realized women could buy clothing-During the 1920’s women’s fashion became hugeVogue, 1892-in the 1920’s it reached popularity-mannequins lured female buyers into storesFashion-new styles: shorter skirts, knees could not be shown in public-After WW1 hemlines grew shorter-Bessie Smith highlighted these new fashion trends-make up changed as well: respectable women were not suppose to wear make up-Actress Louise Brookes was used to popularize the use of cosmetics-Black entertainers only appeared in black newspaper ads in skin lighteners-Skin lighteners became a cosmetic that increased in popularity in the 1920’sFlappers-unchapperoned in public-shocking fashion choices-many smoked-by 1920’s flappers were advocates of votingSuffragettes-Susan B. Anthony and Elizabeth Cady Stanton endorsed women’s suffrage-“We protest against…the laws which give to the husband…the custody of the wife’s person.”-supporters of suffrage-began to make more public protests by WW1 era-protested through department store windows-incorporated consumer capitalism into their campaignsNational American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA)-By 1890, the 2 groups come back together -justified women for voting by saying women could promote reform-heavily led by middle class white women-don’t have too many black women in organization, but they weren’t against black women suffrage, it was just a primarily white women’s organizationConsumer capitalism-sale of mass produced goodsLecture 13 (March 9)Women and the Great WarSuffrage-gained new momentum in early 20th centurySuffragettes-began engaging in more public forms of protest in early 20th century-engaged in disruptive public protest-protest through parades and city streets-organizing mass meetings-impromptu soap box features became more prominent-clear break from 19th century suffrage movement19th Amendment-August 18, 1920 19th amendment was ratified-gender based restrictions on votingPolitics and Culture of ProhibitionAnti-saloon leagues-organized in and around WW1-every city and county had one of these Harris County, 1917-place where a lot of the black soldiers were used to promote anti-saloon leagues18th Amendment-prohibition of alcoholVolstead Act-“intoxicating liquors”-5% alcohol-production of consumption and alcoholChicagoRacketeering“Big Jim” Colosimo-became one of the 1st individuals that decided to make a name for himself-born in Italy, moved to Chicago as a young man-began criminal career as a pimp-made enough money to buy a brothel in red light district (legalized spaces for prostitutions in the cities)-opened a night club that offered a lot of entertainment actsJohn Torrio-worked with Colosimo to legitimize his business-mastermind behind the south side gang-by 1920, he wanted control of south side gang because Colosimo made money off bootlegging so he was seeking to pull back from the illegal sale of alcohol-In May 1920, Torrio hires Al Capone to kill Colosimo because of his reluctance to become more involved in the illegal sale of alcoholMurder of Colosimo-Al Copone kills him and attends funeral-turning point for the criminal world in Chicago-rapid escalation of violence over the issue of alcoholSpeakeasies, blind pigs-illicit liquor store and nightclubsAl Capone-his parents moved to the city from Italy-joined a local gang in Brooklyn-through involvement of gang, he dropped out of school in 5th grade-killed someone as a child-reputation for his use of a knife and guns-age of 17: begins working at a local brothel in NY-Torrio lures Capone to Chicago when he was 20 years old-involved in southside gang in Chicago-helpsTorrio seize control of criminal enterprises on the south side of Chicago-style of murder: shoot within close range and attend the funeral of the person he killed-beacme head of South side Chicago gang Dion O’Banion-murdered by Al Capone in 1924-head of north side of Irish gangs in Chicago-murder of O’Banion began a 5 year war between North and South side of Chicago: wanted to control the sale of illegal alcoholWilliam Hale Thompson-symbolizes the corruption of city government related to prohibition-“Vote early, vote often”-“wide open city”-suggested his ties to the illegal sale of alcohol-openly opposed prohibition-made no secret that he thought gangsters and bootleggers provided a public serviceLecture 14 (March 25)Politics and Culture of Prohibition “Tommy Gun” or Thompson Machine Gun-fired 800 rounds of ammunition per minute-did not need a skilled marksman to kill people using this weapon-in close range this was extremely accurate-light weight-“Chicago Typewriter”February 14, 1929-war endsThe Great Depression, 1929-1941Calvin Coolidge-Believed in laissez-faire economics-pro-business-president in early 1920’s-1928: replaced by Herbert HooverWelfare Capitalism-happy workers=happy business-content workforce-recreational outletsHerbert Hoover-thriving economy in the U.S. when he enters presidency-stock market crashes in 19294 Theories for Why the DepressionOccurred1. law of compensation2. “great contraction”3. big supply, little demand4. European recessiona. Dawes plan of 1924i. How to restore Europe after WW1ii. U.S. lends money to Germany who then pays France and France pays debts back in the U.S.iii. Led France to