90 Cards in this Set
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Botany
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Scientific study of plants
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Ethnobotany
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The scientific study of plants ad how humans use them
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Domestication
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Genetic alteration of plants and animals as the result of human actions
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Food, clothing, shelter
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3 necessities that plants provide:
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Linneaus
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Man who stated that all organisms need a binomial
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Binomial
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The name that represents genus and species
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Genus (Genera)
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Category used for different species
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Family
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Category used for different Orders
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Class
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Category used for different Phylums
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Division
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Sub-category of Kingdom
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Kingdom
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The highest form of classification
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Monera
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1 of the 5 kingdoms, contains bacteria and gynobacteria
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Protista
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1 of the 5 kingdoms, contains Algae, Protozoa, & Slime Moss
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Unicellular
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Plants that contain only 1 cell
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Multicellular
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Plants that contain multiple cells
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Fungi
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1 of the 5 kingdoms, contains fungi
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Plantae
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The name of the kingdom that contains Plants
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Animalia
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The name of the kingdom that contains Animals
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Autotrophic
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The term for organisms that can create their own food
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Heterotrophic
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The term for organisms that must find and collect their own food
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Chlorophyll
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The pigment that makes plants green
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Prokaryotic
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When an organism does not possess a true nucleus or organelles enclosed in double membranes it is this-
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Euaryotic
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When an organism has a nucleus bound by a double membrane it is called this-
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Meristem
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Cluster of cells that have the ability to divide and form additional cells.
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Cellulose
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Polymer consisting of glucose units joined by a beta linkage
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Chitin
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Instead of cellulose, Fungi cell walls are made of this
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Cell Wall
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A rigid layer of polysaccharides lying outside the plasma membrane of the cells of plants, fungi, and bacteria. In the algae and higher plants, it consists mainly of cellulose.
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Latin
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The language that all species names are made in
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Subspecies
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When a species has subtle differences
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Mycology
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the branch of biology concerned with the study of fungi, including their genetic and biochemical properties, their taxonomy and their use to humans as a source for tinder, medicine, wine, cheese, food, and entheogens, as well as their dangers, such as poisoning or infection.
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Saprophyte
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An organism that feeds off of dead material
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Parasite
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An organism that feeds off live material
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Pathogenic
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Fungi that are disease-causing
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Yeast
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Fungi produce this which produces alcohol
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Alexander Fleming
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Man who discovered that penicillium is found on rotting fruit and other rotting things.
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Penicillium
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Found on rotting Fungi and can be used for penicillin
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Hyphae
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Found in Fungi, the long, branching structure on a fungus; is the main mode of vegetative growth, and are collectively called a mycelium
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Mycelium
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Diffuse the mass of long narrow filaments that constitute the vegetative body of a fungus
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Fairy ring
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Naturally occurring ring or arc of mushrooms.
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Lichen
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Organisms composed of 2 different organisms.
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Symbiotic
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The relationship between 2 organisms in which they both benefit.
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Bryophyte
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Name for non-vascular plants like mosses, liverworts, and hornworts
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Tracheophyte
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Name for vascular plants that have water-conducting cells.
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Vascular Plants
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Plants that contain stems, roots, and leaves
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Non-Vascular Plants
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Plants that do not contain stems, roots, or leaves
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Xylem
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Vascular plant tissue that conducts water and solutes.
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Phloem
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Principal food-conducting tissue of a vascular plant
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Moss, Liverworts, Sphagnum, Peat Moss
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Examples of Non-Vascular Bryophytes
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Pteridophyte
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Seedless spore-reproducing; 1 celled
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Spermatophyte
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Seed plant that is multicellular, can store food, has a protective cover, and an embryo
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Gymnosperm
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Vascular Plants with exposed ovules and single fertilization; Cone-bearing
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Angiosperm
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Vascular Plants characterized by having a closed carpel and double fertilization; Flower-bearing
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Ferns and Fern Allies
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Examples of Spore-bearing plants
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Seed Plants
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Any spermatophyte, gymnosperm, or angiosperm
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Cycads
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Neuro-toxic seed plant, oldest seed plant dating back 200 million years, were most prominent during the jurassic period 65 million years ago
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Ginko
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Dioecious seed plant that is found in cultivation, not nature; have swimming flagullated sperm cell; takes 20 years for a tree of this type to know the sex
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Conifer
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Plant that literally means "Cone-bearing"; both monoecious and dioecious; go through pollination, fertilization, then maturation; oldest group of plant
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Monoecious
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When a singular plant has both sexes
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Dioecious
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When there is only 1 sex per plant
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Cycads
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Plant that is considered to be a living fossil
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Resin
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In plants, naturally occurring polymerized terpenes that are synthesized in, or secreted into, specialized ducts
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Rosin and terpentine
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Comprises resin
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Monocot
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Plant group defined by the presence of a single embryonic leaf in the seed
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Dicot
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Plant group formerly defined by the presence of 2 embryonic leaves in the seed
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Receptacle
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Part of the stem that holds the plant's organs.
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Sepal
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Part of the flower of that protects the flower in bud, and often acts as support for the petals in bloom.
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Petal
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Each of the segments of the corolla of a flower, which are modified leaves and are typically colored
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Stamen
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"Male" part of a flower that produces pollen and generally includes both an anther and a filament
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Pollen
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Male gametophyte of an angiosperm or a gymnosperm
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Pistil
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"Female"part of the flower that produces eggs and generally consists of an ovary, a style, and a stigma
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Deciduous
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Shedding of leaves annually
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Perennial
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When any plant lives for over 2 years
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Biennial
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When any plant lives for 2 years
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Annual
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When plants perform entire life cycle in 1 year
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Pericarp
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Fruit part derived from the ripened ovary wall.
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Exocarp
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Outermost layer of the pericarp or fruit wall.
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Mesocarp
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Middle layer of the pericarp (fruit wall)
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Endocarp
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Innermost layer of the pericarp.
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Dehiscent
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A fruit that spontaneously opens to release its contents upon maturity
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Indehiscent
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When a fruit's structure remains closed at maturity and is unable to release its contents at maturity.
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Aggregate Fruit
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Fruit composed of the ripened ovaries within a single flower, which can include additional structures.
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Multiple Fruit
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Compound Fruit formed by the fusion of the fruits from separate flowers and their inflorescence axis
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Drupe
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Fleshy fruit resulting from the maturation of a single carpel in which the innermost layer of the pericarp (endocarp) is hard.
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Hesperidium
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Fruit of Citrus and its allies derived from a superior ovary and consisting of a ring with a leathery exocarp containing cavities filled with volatile oils, a spongy mesocarp, and an endocarp that develops juice-filled sacs that surround the seeds
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Pepo
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Fruit of members of the Cucurbitaceae (squash family) consisting of hard rind derived from the basal parts of the calyx and corolla fused to the inferior ovary with a fleshy layer composed of mesocarp and endocarp tissue in which the seeds are usually embedded.
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Legumes
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Fruits of members of the Fabaceae (bean family) resulting from the maturation of a single superior carpel that splits along two opposite sides at maturity.
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Follicle
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Dry unilocular fruit formed from one carpel, containing two or more seeds. Dehiscive plant.
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Schizocarp
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A dry fruit that, when mature, splits up into mericarps.
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Achene
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Fruit of the sunflower plant, falls freely, not attached to plant. Is small, papery, and indehiscent.
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Grain
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AKA caryopsis, it is small and the seed is not attached to the ovary wall (pericarp)
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BIOL 304: EXAM 2