POLSC 135: FINAL EXAM
34 Cards in this Set
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Third Wave Democratization
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The surge in democratic transitions that have occurred around the world since 1974
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Bottom up democratic transition
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When the people rise up to overthrow an authoritarian regime in a popular revolution. p. 268
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Top down democratic transition
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When the dictatorial ruling elite introduces liberalizing reforms that ultimately lead to a democratic transition. p. 268
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Collective action
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Groups of individiuals banding together to provide public goods that all members of the group desire
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Public Good
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A good that is non excludable and nonrival
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Free Rider Problem
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The fact that individual members of a group often have little incentive to contribute to the provision of a public good that will benefit all members of the goup
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Preference Falsification
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Not revealing one's true preferences in public
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Revolutionary Cascade
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When one person's participation triggers the participation of another, which triggers the participation of another, and so on
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structural dependence of the state on capital
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a theory suggesting that capitalists have a veto over state policies in that their failure to invest at adequate levels can create major problems for the state managers. p.337
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Dominant-party dictatorship
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A single party dominates access to political office and control over policy, though other parties may exist and compete in elections
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Personalistic Dictatorship
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is one in which the leader, although oftensupported by a party or the military, retains personal control of policydecisions and the selection of regime personnel
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Selectorate
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subset of the population that has a meaningful say in who constitutes the government (voting in democracy)
-larger it is the more democratic your government is
-in true democracy every adult has an equal say
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Winning coalition
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The people whose support is necessary for the leader to stay in power.
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Vote of No Confidence
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A vote initiated by the legislature in which if the government does not obtain a legislative majority, it must resign
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Constructive Vote of No Confidence
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a vote of no confidence where government's replacement must be defined if the incumbent is removed by a vote of no confidence
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Vote of Confidence
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A vote initiated by the government where if the the government does not get a legislative majority, it must resign.
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Legislative Responsibility
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A situation in which a legislative majority has the constitutional power-a vote of no confidence- to remove a government from office without cause.
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Presidential democracy
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A democracy where the government does not depend on a legislative majority to exist
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Parliamentary Democracy
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Where the government depends on a legislative majority to exist and the head off state is not popularly elected for a fixed term
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Semi-Presidential Democracy
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Democracy where the government depends on a legislative majority to exist and the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term.
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Caretaker Government
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When an election is called or when an incumbent government either resigns or is defeated in a vote of no confidence. It rules the country for an interim period until a new government is formed.
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Office-Seeking Politician
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A politician interested in the intrinsic benefits of office; he wants as much office as possible
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Policy-Seeking Politician
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Only wants to shape policy
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Gamson's Law
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States that cabinet portfolios will be distributed among government parties in strict proportion to the number of seats that each party contributes to the government's legislative majority
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Corporatist Interest Group Relations
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When key social and economic actors like labor, business, and agriculture groups, are integrated into the formal policymaking process
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Pluralist Interest Group Relations
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When intererst groups compete in the political marketplace outside of the formal policymaking process
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Principal Agent Problem
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Difficulties that arise when a principal delegates authority to an agent who potentially has different goals OR cannot be monitored perfectly.
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Adverse Selection
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When the agent has attributes that are hidden from the principal
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Moral Hazard
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When the agent has the opportunity to take actions that are hidden from the principal.
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Two Round Electoral System
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Majoritarian electoral system that has the potential for two rounds of elections. Candidates or parties are automatically elected in the first round if they obtain a specified level of votes, typically an absolute majority. Those candidates or parties that win the most votes in the second…
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Duverger's Law
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Single-member district plurality systems encourage two-party systems
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Duverger's Hypothesis
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States that proportional representation electoral rules favor multiparty systems
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Single member district plurality electoral system
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A system where individuals cast a single vote for a candidate in a single-member district. The candidate with the most votes is elected.
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Proportional Representation Electoral System
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A quota-or divisor-based electoral system in multimember districts
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POLSC 135: Notes