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POLSC 135: FINAL EXAM
Third Wave Democratization |
The surge in democratic transitions that have occurred around the world since 1974 |
Bottom up democratic transition |
When the people rise up to overthrow an authoritarian regime in a popular revolution. p. 268
|
Top down democratic transition |
When the dictatorial ruling elite introduces liberalizing reforms that ultimately lead to a democratic transition. p. 268 |
Collective action |
Groups of individiuals banding together to provide public goods that all members of the group desire |
Public Good |
A good that is non excludable and nonrival |
Free Rider Problem |
The fact that individual members of a group often have little incentive to contribute to the provision of a public good that will benefit all members of the goup |
Preference Falsification |
Not revealing one's true preferences in public |
Revolutionary Cascade |
When one person's participation triggers the participation of another, which triggers the participation of another, and so on |
structural dependence of the state on capital |
a theory suggesting that capitalists have a veto over state policies in that their failure to invest at adequate levels can create major problems for the state managers. p.337 |
Dominant-party dictatorship |
A single party dominates access to political office and control over policy, though other parties may exist and compete in elections |
Personalistic Dictatorship |
is one in which the leader, although oftensupported by a party or the military, retains personal control of policydecisions and the selection of regime personnel |
Selectorate |
subset of the population that has a meaningful say in who constitutes the government (voting in democracy)
-larger it is the more democratic your government is
-in true democracy every adult has an equal say |
Winning coalition |
The people whose support is necessary for the leader to stay in power. |
Vote of No Confidence |
A vote initiated by the legislature in which if the government does not obtain a legislative majority, it must resign |
Constructive Vote of No Confidence |
a vote of no confidence where government's replacement must be defined if the incumbent is removed by a vote of no confidence |
Vote of Confidence |
A vote initiated by the government where if the the government does not get a legislative majority, it must resign. |
Legislative Responsibility |
A situation in which a legislative majority has the constitutional power-a vote of no confidence- to remove a government from office without cause. |
Presidential democracy |
A democracy where the government does not depend on a legislative majority to exist |
Parliamentary Democracy |
Where the government depends on a legislative majority to exist and the head off state is not popularly elected for a fixed term |
Semi-Presidential Democracy |
Democracy where the government depends on a legislative majority to exist and the head of state is popularly elected for a fixed term. |
Caretaker Government |
When an election is called or when an incumbent government either resigns or is defeated in a vote of no confidence. It rules the country for an interim period until a new government is formed. |
Office-Seeking Politician |
A politician interested in the intrinsic benefits of office; he wants as much office as possible |
Policy-Seeking Politician |
Only wants to shape policy |
Gamson's Law |
States that cabinet portfolios will be distributed among government parties in strict proportion to the number of seats that each party contributes to the government's legislative majority |
Corporatist Interest Group Relations |
When key social and economic actors like labor, business, and agriculture groups, are integrated into the formal policymaking process |
Pluralist Interest Group Relations |
When intererst groups compete in the political marketplace outside of the formal policymaking process |
Principal Agent Problem |
Difficulties that arise when a principal delegates authority to an agent who potentially has different goals OR cannot be monitored perfectly. |
Adverse Selection |
When the agent has attributes that are hidden from the principal |
Moral Hazard |
When the agent has the opportunity to take actions that are hidden from the principal. |
Two Round Electoral System |
Majoritarian electoral system that has the potential for two rounds of elections. Candidates or parties are automatically elected in the first round if they obtain a specified level of votes, typically an absolute majority. Those candidates or parties that win the most votes in the second round are elected |
Duverger's Law |
Single-member district plurality systems encourage two-party systems |
Duverger's Hypothesis
|
States that proportional representation electoral rules favor multiparty systems |
Single member district plurality electoral system |
A system where individuals cast a single vote for a candidate in a single-member district. The candidate with the most votes is elected. |
Proportional Representation Electoral System |
A quota-or divisor-based electoral system in multimember districts |