42 Cards in this Set
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Abnormal Psychology Define:
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Abnormal behavior patterns that involve a disturbance of psychological behaviors & functions
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How rare are disorders
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life time prevalence: Higher
Annual prevalence: Lower
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What Do We Consider Abnormal?
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Unusual: Uncommon
Unbearable: causes psychological distress
Unsuccessful: Self-defeating behavior
Unsociable: Deviations from social norms
Unreal: Faulty perceptions of reality
Unhealthy: Posing a danger to ones self or others through overt acts or neglect
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Trepidation
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Drill holes in the head to release demons
Christian belief
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Humors
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Hippocrates
Is a now discredited theory of the makeup and workings of the human body, positing that an excess or deficiency of any of four distinct bodily fluids in a person directly influences their temperament and health.
Black Bile: Melancholic
Blood: Sanguine
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Hysteria
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Wondering uterus: floated to eye made women blind
Hysterectomy
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Galen
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Big on anatomy
realized that the uterus was not to blame for hysteria
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Freud
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Austrian
Brought to light the abuse of daughters by their fathers
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The Dousing Test
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Binding a suspected "witch" to a chair & dunk them in water... if they drowned then they were innocentMore to control politics
Slave 1st to be accused: were not killed if they accused others
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Asylums
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Shelters for protection of society
Bedlem: Deplorable conditions
The rich would pay to visit to look at crazy people
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Reform Movement & Moral Therapy
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Lead by Pinel
Felt rest & relaxation in a nice facility would help the patient
Allowed patients to walk around & many improved
Some we released
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Dorthea Dix
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Dorothea Lynde Dix (April 4, 1802 - July 17, 1887) was an American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums.
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Benjamin Rush
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One of the founding fathers of psychiatry
believed abnormal behavior was caused by excessive blood in the in the brain
prescribed bleeding the body
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Modern Mental Hospitals
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Used: Hot boxes, cold wraps & insulin shock therapy
Reverted backwards historically
once you were in it was hard to be released
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Community Mental Health & Medication
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Thorazine was discovered
people could live within society
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Contemporary Perspectives 4 Types
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Biological Approach: View that biological factors cause and should be used to treat abnormalities... Pills
Psychological Approach: Focus on personality, behavior & ways of thinking as probable causes of abnormality
Sociocultural Approach: Focus on on the role of the environment, stress…
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Scientific Method
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The scientific method is a body of techniques for investigating phenomena, acquiring new knowledge, or correcting and integrating previous knowledge.
Formulate research question
Frame the question in form of hapothisis
Test
Draw conclusion
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Experimental Studies
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Studies in which the independent variables are directly manipulated & its effects on the dependent variable are examined
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Single Participant Study
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A individual or a small number of individuals are studied intensively
The individual is put through some sort of manipulation or intervention
behavior is examined before & after the manipulation to determine its effects
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Kinship Studies
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Study of the heritability of a disorder involving identifying people with the disorder & without the disorder & then determining the disorder's frequency within each persons family
Chance of disorder decreases as the amount of shared genetics decreases
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Diagnostic & Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM)
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Descriptive
Not explanatory
Multidimensional
Clinical disorders
Awareness of general medical conditions that influence psychological behavior
Psychosocial & environmental problems
Global assessment of "functioning dead": Scale 0-100
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Cultural Syndromes: Amok
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Brooding with violent out burst
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Cultural Syndromes: Ataque de Nervios
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Stress caused fits
Aggressive dissociative experiences
South America
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Cultural Syndromes: Dhat
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Concerns about the discharge of semen
Fatigue
India
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Cultural Syndromes: Koro
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Anxiety that sex organs are sucked back into body
E. Asia
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Cultural Syndromes: Pibloktoq
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Withdrawal followed by violent attacks & bizarre behavior
Inuit
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Cultural Syndromes: Taijin Kyofusho
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Worry that ones body embarrasses others
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Evaluating the DSM
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Accelerated & advanced research & treatment
A cultural document
Specifying diagnostic criteria
Category vs Spectrum
Weakness vs strength
Stigma
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What is a Psychological Assessment?
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Collecting relevant information to reach a conclusion
Clinical assessment
Purposeful
Funnel like
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Standards of Psychological Assessment: Reliability
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Internal consistency
Test-Retest reliable
Inter-rater reliability
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Standards of Psychological Assessment: Validity
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Content Validity
Do the items on the test & cover the material
Criterion Validity
Do test score predict what they are suppose to?
Construct Validity
Does the overall pattern of relationship of test scores & other data fit the theory?
Precision g…
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Sensitivity
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Correctly identify people
true positive
failure of sensitivity
False positive
Misdiagnosis
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Specificity
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Avoids misidentifying people
True negative
Failure of specificity
missing people with disorders
False
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Methods of Assessment: Clinical Interview
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Unstructured: Dangerous
Simi-structured to structured
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Methods of Assessment: Computerized Interview
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...
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Methods of Assessment: Psychological Test
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Structured
Standardized
Norms
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Methods of Assessment: Intelligence Testing
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Defining intelligence
IQ testing
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Methods of Assessment: Objective Testing
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"Objective"
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2)
The Million Clinical Multiaxial Inventory (MCMI-III)
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Methods of Assessment: Indirect
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Drawing a picture of important people in life
Good use for children
Projective test
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Psychological Measurement: Structural Imaging
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Tomography
CT
X-rays
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Psychological Measurement: MRI
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Spins H2O molecules in magnetic field
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Functional Measurements
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EEG
Cheap
PET
Uses radioactive isotopes
FMRI
Gesture preparation
Gesture production
Have been used in legal cases
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PSY 320: EXAM 3