CHEM 101 1st EditionExam # 1 Study Guide Test is all multiple choiceThere will be a bonus Question Know Who these people are and what they did:Albert-Bandera: Taught to be afraid of all fluffy things (Behavioral)Skinner: We learn from the outcomes of things that we do (Behavioral - Connected to positive/negative reinforcement and punishment)Albert Ellis: People are irrational thinkers and need to be fixed (Cognitive)Beck: Solving and fixing one thing at a time, planning (Cognitive)Pinel: Improved the treatment of psychiatric patients during the reformCarl Rogers: wanted to be connected with patience and genuine (Humanistic)Benjamin Rush: Brought Pinel's humane treatment to AmericaGalen: Galen and Freud connection to Hysteria and the "wandering uterus syndrome" Difference between:Unconscious: What you are completely unaware of; Superego and IdPreconscious: What you are not always aware of; Superego and EgoConscious: What you are aware of; Ego DMS is extremely westernizedOther cultures don't necessarily fit into our psychologyCultural Document! Difference between Sensitivity and SpecificitySensitivity: identifying people who do have the disorderTrue/false survey: have you been sad in the past 3 months: probablyToo sensitive because not everyone who has been sad is depressedSpecificity: identifying people who don't have the disorderDifference between Reliability and RelateabilityReliability: Defense Mechanisms: Projection: You feel sad, everyone feels sad. You have an eating disorder, so you think that everyone is eating wrong and you are trying to get everyone to eat right Displacement: Boss yells at you, you yell at your kid Reaction Formation: Doing the opposite of what you feel in reaction; Someone really pisses you off, so you be really nice to them Repression: You decide not to remember something and end up completely blocking it from memoryRegression: you become more childlike or completely "regress" to a younger stage of growth Denial: You refuse to believe or understand what is happening and act as though it weren't KNOW PAVLOV:(This will probably be on every test)Classical conditioningExamples:Unconditioned Stimulus: FoodUnconditioned Response: DroolNeutral Stimulus: BellConditioned Stimulus: BellConditioned Response: Drool Parts of the Brain:Occipital Lobe: most oxygen hungry, vision, cell growthTemporal Lobe: auditory, and memoryAmygdala: intense emotions and fear control (fight or flight)Hippocampus: memory"we're on CAMPUS and we have to remember things for tests…"Hypothalamus:4 F's: Fleeing, Feeding, Fighting, Fornicating Know the structure of a neuron!During an action potential:What flows in? SodiumWhat flows out? PotassiumAutonomic vs. Somatic Nervous SystemsSomatic: bodily, controlling feeling and voluntary movement in the bodyAutonomic:Sympathetic: Fight or FlightParasympathetic: Rest and digest Know the difference between:Positive Punishment: Put a spider down someone's shirtNegative Punishment: You're grounded (no friends)Negative Reinforcement: The bell alarm of a car when you don't have your seatbelt onPositive Reinforcement: Candy when you get an answer right Punishment, you want a behavior to decreaseReinforcement, you want a behavior to increaseHow many People in the US will have a mental disorder? 50% in Lifetime25% diagnosed disorder Understand the Biopsychosocial Model:Alcoholism:Bio: Runs in families, geneticPsycho: How they think about alcoholism and the use of alcoholSocial: How the people around then use or abuse alcohol Diathesis Stress Model:A predisposition or Vulnerability which needs a trigger in order to develop a disorder Neurotransmitters and what they do:Neurotransmitters are chemicals which send signals and messages throughout the body through the nervous system Difference between the DSM and the ICD:DSM: Catalog of disorders, like a checklist for diagnosing disordersICD: International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health ProblemsEthics:have to get research approved by the IRB The Brain:Also Know: and the function of each. Frontal Lobe:Critical thinking, difficult decisions, executive functionsParietal Lobe: Integrate other sensory information with other information such as navigationOccipital Lobe:Where your brain processes visual informationCerebellum:Balance, instinctTemporal Lobe:Auditory information as well as some memory Example Questions What perspective would the following be: someone comes to you expressing that they have a fear of elevators, you then say, ok, lets get in the elevator and ride up and down.Behavioral What is Internal consistency?Reliability: getting the same results with the same answers What is Content Validity?What your measuring is actually what you are trying to measure What is Construct Validity?Do the results contribute to the theory You are analyzing Dreams, what kind of therapist are you?Psychoanalytic You are a therapist and you look at your patients with unconditional positive regard, what kind of therapist are you?Humanistic You are emphasizing meaning in life to a client, what kind of therapist are you?Existential Biological perspective uses what as