49 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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Older: They understand they are not to blame but may engage in devious behavior
Younger: Blame themselves, fear
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What are the effects of divorce on older children vs. younger children?
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Mastery-oriented attributions
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Attributions that credit success to high ability and failure to low effort
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Learned helplessness
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Attributions that credit success and failure to low ability
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Popular
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High number of acceptance votes
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Rejected
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Low number of rejections and scores
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Neglected
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Children not mentioned at all
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Controversial
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A lot of negative and positive votes
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Social comparisons
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Process of defining oneself in relation to one's peers
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Perspective taking
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responsible for empathy
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They explain emotions using internal states. Understand mixed emotions. Rise in empathy. Supported by cognitive development and social experience
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How do school-age children explain emotions compared to younger children?
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In early childhood, self esteem goes down. They compare themselves to others. Around age 6, self esteem goes down. By the fourth grade, age 10, it starts to go back up
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Describe the trend of self-esteem in middle childhood?
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Puberty
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The stage of human development when the body becomes capable of reproduction. The physical change of ones life that transitions into adulthood
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Menarche
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maturation of the reproductive organs in girls. The end is the start of menstruation
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Spermarche
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maturation of the reproductive organs in boys. End of puberty. First ejaculation.
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Generational changes. Each generation begins puberty earlier and earlier
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Generational changes. Each generation begins puberty earlier and earlier
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Girls reach puberty first.
Girls= 10 years old
Boys= 12 years old
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Who reaches puberty first – girls or boys? What is the difference (e.g., # of years)?
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Anorexia
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Physically starving yourself
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Bulimia
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Binging and purging, getting rid of food you eat somehow
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Hypothetical deductive reasoning
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Deducting hypothesis from general theory. Test hypothesis out.
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Optimal academic outcomes
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Authoritative parenting
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Identity moratorium
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Actively exploring but not yet committed
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Identity diffusion
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have not explored and have not committed
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Identity foreclosure
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Have not explored but is committed
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Identity achievement
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Explored and committed
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Stage 3
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"good boy-good girl" morality of interpersonal cooperation. Focusing on rules to help function.
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Stage 4
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based on laws. Social order maintaining.
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Stage 5
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Social contract. laws are more flexible
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Stage 6
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Universal ethical principle. Moving laws and rules all together
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Clique
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Small group (5-7), good friends, similar SES, identified by interests, social status.
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Crowd
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larger-several cliques. Membership based on reputation or stereotype
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4-5x as many boys commit suicide than girls, but girls have more attempts
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As discussed in class, what is true about gender differences in suicide?
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Senescence
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Biological aging. When the person has reached their peak of development, aging begins
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Free radical
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Randomly occurring substances that are reactive to oxygen and related to aging.
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19-22 years old
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When does the peak of substance abuse occur?
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Emerging adulthood
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Ages 18-25, when these people do not yet feel like they are adults but are making steps towards that phase of life
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Levinson's theory
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It is a dream stage of how they envision themselves in late adulthood.
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Life structure
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Goals or achievements they want in life
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Men focus on settling down in their career and women have continued instability. They have more roles to achieve a family and job goals
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How do life structure and dreams differ for men and women?
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Traditional marriage
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Clear vision of roles between gender, the woman cares for the husband, children and house while the man is the head of the household
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Theory of Love
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Intimacy, passion and commitment
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Intimacy
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Emotional connection between the couple
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Commitment
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Cognitive, making it work
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Passion
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Romance and sex life
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Social clock
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Age graded expectations for life events
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Men social clock
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Relaxed, career focused
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Women social clock
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Experience more distress if social clock is not following their plans
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It is increasing in today's society and if they cohabitate before engagement, divorce rates go up
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What are characteristics of cohabiting couples?
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Because of the amount of schooling and job performance required. Children are pushed back later for life goals to happen first
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Why do individuals wait to have children?
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Males: Attractiveness and domestic skills
Females: Intelligence, ambition, and financials
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What characteristics do males versus females select in a mate?
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CDFS 110: Exam 2