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3 models of interaction
columbian exchange; conquest; holocaust
conquest model
favors the side of the Europeans
encounter/columbian exchange model
there was give and take between each sides and an exchange of cultures and crops
holocaust model
the Indians were violently murdered, compares the situation to that of the Holocaust
jamestown
The Jamestown Settlement Colony was the first successful English settlement on the mainland of North America; was saved by the tobacco crop
puritans
members of a reformed Protestant sect in Europe and America that insisted on removing all vestiges of Catholicism from popular religious practice
what did the puritans believe?
they accepted the notion that an omnipotent God predestined some people to salvation and damned others throughout eternity
puritan paradox
live in the world, but don't enjoy it
why did the puritans create a colony in massachusetts bay?
to create a utopia ("city on a hill") for their people in order to reform the church and get away from corruption
bacon's rebellion
led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter in 1676 who attempted to obtain a license in the fur trade but was rebuffed because the lucrative commerce was reserved for the governor's friends; he was chiefly interested in gaining a larger share of the lucrative trade.
popular sovereignty
the concept that the vote lies with the people; later, it meant that the people of a western territory can decide for themselves whether or not slavery is legal
Articles of the Confederation
ratified in 1781; this document was the US's first constitution; providing a framework for national government
what was the structure of the govt. under the articles?
single legislative body, consisting of representatives elected annually by the state legislatures. each state possessed a single vote in Congress. no independent executive; no vetos.
how were amendments to the AoC determined?
unanimously voted on by all thirteen states
what two important powers were denied by the AoC?
the power to tax and the power to declare war
how could the national government obtain funds?
asking the state for contributions, called requisitions; obviously, none of the states complied
Shay's Rebellion
western Massachusetts; intended to prevent state courts from foreclosing on debtors unable to pay their own taxes, the rebellion was put down by the state militia; nationalists used the event to justify the calling of a constitutional convention to strengthen the national government
Philadelphia Convention
a convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that came together in order to address problems that the country was having under the Articles of the Confederation
Virginia Plan
strong central government; bicameral legislature with both houses having reps proportional to the state's population
New Jersey Plan
unicameral legislature (gives Congress powers to tax and regulate trade); each state has equal representation
connecticut compromise
compromised with having an executive; a bicameral legislature with one house from the Virginia Plan and one house from the New Jersey
Judicial Review
established in marbury vs. madison; says that the Supreme Court can determine whether or not something is unconstitutional
republic
concept that ultimate political authority is vested in the citizens of the nation; dependent on the civic virtue of its citizens to preserve the nation from corruption and moral decay
Hamilton's Economic Plan
fund the debt; 2) 1st bank of the united states; 3) assume the state's debts
social deference
prior to the American revolution the lower class defers to the upper class; afterwards there was an equalizing factor and a move away from it. first step in the social revolution
natural rights
religion, speech, and freedom of the press; protected citizens from unlawful searches and seizures; upheld trial by jury
Federalists
supporters of the Constitution who advocated its ratification; envisoned a strong central nationalized government

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