HIST 105: FINAL EXAM
27 Cards in this Set
Front | Back |
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3 models of interaction
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columbian exchange; conquest; holocaust
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conquest model
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favors the side of the Europeans
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encounter/columbian exchange model
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there was give and take between each sides and an exchange of cultures and crops
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holocaust model
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the Indians were violently murdered, compares the situation to that of the Holocaust
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jamestown
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The Jamestown Settlement Colony was the first successful English settlement on the mainland of North America; was saved by the tobacco crop
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puritans
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members of a reformed Protestant sect in Europe and America that insisted on removing all vestiges of Catholicism from popular religious practice
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what did the puritans believe?
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they accepted the notion that an omnipotent God predestined some people to salvation and damned others throughout eternity
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puritan paradox
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live in the world, but don't enjoy it
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why did the puritans create a colony in massachusetts bay?
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to create a utopia ("city on a hill") for their people in order to reform the church and get away from corruption
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bacon's rebellion
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led by Nathaniel Bacon, a wealthy planter in 1676 who attempted to obtain a license in the fur trade but was rebuffed because the lucrative commerce was reserved for the governor's friends; he was chiefly interested in gaining a larger share of the lucrative trade.
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popular sovereignty
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the concept that the vote lies with the people; later, it meant that the people of a western territory can decide for themselves whether or not slavery is legal
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Articles of the Confederation
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ratified in 1781; this document was the US's first constitution; providing a framework for national government
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what was the structure of the govt. under the articles?
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single legislative body, consisting of representatives elected annually by the state legislatures. each state possessed a single vote in Congress. no independent executive; no vetos.
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how were amendments to the AoC determined?
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unanimously voted on by all thirteen states
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what two important powers were denied by the AoC?
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the power to tax and the power to declare war
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how could the national government obtain funds?
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asking the state for contributions, called requisitions; obviously, none of the states complied
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Shay's Rebellion
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western Massachusetts; intended to prevent state courts from foreclosing on debtors unable to pay their own taxes, the rebellion was put down by the state militia; nationalists used the event to justify the calling of a constitutional convention to strengthen the national government
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Philadelphia Convention
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a convention in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, that came together in order to address problems that the country was having under the Articles of the Confederation
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Virginia Plan
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strong central government; bicameral legislature with both houses having reps proportional to the state's population
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New Jersey Plan
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unicameral legislature (gives Congress powers to tax and regulate trade); each state has equal representation
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connecticut compromise
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compromised with having an executive; a bicameral legislature with one house from the Virginia Plan and one house from the New Jersey
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Judicial Review
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established in marbury vs. madison; says that the Supreme Court can determine whether or not something is unconstitutional
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republic
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concept that ultimate political authority is vested in the citizens of the nation; dependent on the civic virtue of its citizens to preserve the nation from corruption and moral decay
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Hamilton's Economic Plan
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fund the debt; 2) 1st bank of the united states; 3) assume the state's debts
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social deference
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prior to the American revolution the lower class defers to the upper class; afterwards there was an equalizing factor and a move away from it. first step in the social revolution
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natural rights
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religion, speech, and freedom of the press; protected citizens from unlawful searches and seizures; upheld trial by jury
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Federalists
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supporters of the Constitution who advocated its ratification; envisoned a strong central nationalized government
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