PSY 322: Study Guide 3
64 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
How many women in the use think they are overweight?
|
38%
|
|
v
|
66% of college women
42% of college men
|
|
Why are americans obsessed with weight?
|
1.health reasons/problems
2. believe attractive bodies lead to self-worth and happiness
|
|
Eating disorders
|
characterized by:
-a severe disturbance in eating behavior,
-an intense fear of becoming overweight
-pursuit of thinness
|
|
Anorexia Nervosa
|
characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a refusal to maintain even a minimally low body weight
|
|
Anorexia Nervosa restricting subtype
|
persistent efforts to limit food intakes
|
|
Anorexia Nervosa binge-eating/purgin type
|
binge: out of control comsumptions of food far greater than what most would eat in the same amount of time
purge: removal of the food eaten
|
|
Bulimia Nervosa
|
uncontrollable binge eating and recurrent inappropriate behaviors to prevent weight gain
-can be normal or even overweight
|
|
Bulimia vs. Anorexia
|
if both diagnoses are met, anorexia is diagnosed
|
|
Binge Eating Disorder
|
excessive eating during a discrete period of time and a feeling of lack of control over eating
|
|
Binge eating disorder prevalence
|
-most common
-3-5% women
-2% men
-6-8% in obese
|
|
Bulimia Nervosa prevalance
|
1.5% women
0.5% men
|
|
Anorexia Nervosa
|
0.9% in women
0.3 % in men
|
|
gender ratio of eating disorders
|
10:1 female:male
current research is suggesting 3:1 f:m
|
|
Men and eating disorders
|
-10%
-similar symptoms to females
-more likely to have a history of being overweight
-mixed evidence on sexual orientation
|
|
Muscle Dysmorphia
|
most commonly in men, obsessing over muscle gain
|
|
Culture and eating disorders
|
-Anorexia is not culturally bound, Bulimia may be.
-being Caucasian is a risk factor, being African-American is a protective factor
|
|
set point
|
the weight that our bodies try to defend
-patients with BN may experience impulses to binge after trying to fail below their set point
|
|
Fiji study
|
high rates of overweight women associated with being strong, etc.
-- when american tv shows emerged women began to express concerns about their bodies and dieting increased
|
|
individual risk factors for eating disorders
|
-internalizing the thin ideal
-perfectionism
-negative body image
-family dysfunction (regarding eating)
|
|
Somatic Symptom Disorders
|
complaints of bodily systems or defects that suggest the presence of medical problems that aren't there
as well as dysfunctional thoughts, feelings or behaviors
|
|
Hypochondriasis
|
preoccupations with fears of contracting a serious disease or with the idea that they actually have such a disease even though they do not
|
|
hypochondriasis prevalence
|
2-7%
males=females
|
|
somatization disorder
|
many different complaints of physical ailments in the absence of physical pathology
(but they are not convinced they have a disorder/disease)
|
|
Somatization Disorder
|
0.2-2% women
less than 0.2% men
|
|
Pain Disorder
|
the experience of persistent and severe pain in one or more areas of the body that is not intentionally faked
|
|
Illness Anxiety Disorder
|
high anxiety about having or developing a serious illness, but have few (mild) somatic symptoms
-25% of those previously diagnosed with hypocondriasis
|
|
Conversion Disorder
|
symptoms or deficits affecting sensory or voluntary motor functions leading one to think there is a medical or neurological
problem (that isn't there).
-usually triggered by a stressful life event
-blindness, paralysis, pseudo-seizures
|
|
Conversion disorder prevalence
|
- accounts for 1-3% of disorders referred for treatment
2-3x more often in women
|
|
Factitous Disorder
(Munchausen's syndrome)
|
intentionally producing symptoms to obtain and maintain the personal benefits that playing the "sick role" may provide
|
|
Malinering
|
intentionally producing of exaggerating symptoms and is motivated by external incentives (e.g., financial compensation)
|
|
Dissociative Disorders
|
characterized by disruptions in consciousness, memory, identity, and/or perception
-appear to be ways to avoid anxiety and stress and of managing problems that would overwhelm coping mechanisms
|
|
Depersonalization/
Derealization Disorder
|
persistent and recurrent episodes of feeling detached from one's mental processes, self, body, and/or surroundings
-often puzzle & frighten the person, they are unaware of what happened
|
|
Depersonalization
|
loss of sense of SELF and one's own reality
|
|
Derealization
|
loss of sense of the reality of the outside WORLD
|
|
Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Prevalence
|
-DSM-5 says 1-2%
-1:1 gender ratio
-age of onset: 16 yrs. old
|
|
Dissociative Amnesia
|
inability to recall previously stored personal information that cannot be accounted for by ordinary forgetting
-form of retrograde amnesia
|
|
Retrograde Amnesia
|
partial or total inability to recall past experiences and knowledge
|
|
Anterograde amnesia
|
partial or total inability to retain new information and experiences
|
|
Dissociative Amnesia prevalence
|
1.8% ?
2-3:1 female:male
can last a few days to years
|
|
Dissociative Amnesia with dissociative fugue
|
sudden, unexpected travel away from home or work, accompanied by inability to recall one's part and confusion about personal identity or the assumption of a new identity
|
|
Dissociative Fugue prevalence
|
0.20%
|
|
Dissociative Identity Disorder
|
the presence of two or more distinct identities or personality states that recurrently take control of the individual's behavior and difficulty recalling personal information
|
|
D.I.D. prevalence
|
~1-2%
much more common in females (3-9x)
|
|
Degeneracy and Abstinence Theory
|
1750s Simon Tissot
-semen is necessary for physical and sexual vigor and growth
-masturbation and sex (not intended to procreate) is a waste of semen
|
|
Reverend Sylvester Graham
|
-healthy foods (Graham crackers)
-physical fitness
-sexual abstinence
--sexual abstinence=improved public health
|
|
Dr. John Harvey Kellogg
|
-disapproved of masturbation
- 39 signs of "the secret vice"
-cornflakes!
|
|
Sambia Tribe
|
-important to growth, strength & spirit
-children and adolescent boys engage in sexual behaviors to obtain semen
-once part puberty, they transition into heterosexual behaviors
|
|
Sexual Abuse
|
sexual contact that involved physical or psychological coercion or at least one individual who cannot reasonably consent to the contact
|
|
Child sexual abuse prevalence
|
7.9% of men
19.7% women
-higher rates in African countries, lower in European
|
|
Rape prevalence
|
1/3 of women experience rape or attempted rape
Marital Rape: 10-14% of married women, 40-50% among battered women
|
|
Pedophilia
|
intense sexual urges or fantasies about sexual activity with prepubescent child
|
|
Sex offender treatment (3)
|
-psychotherapy
-antidepressants
-castration
|
|
Paraphilic Disorders
|
recurrent, intense sexually arousing fantasies, urges, or behaviors that generally involve:
1. nonhuman objects
2. suffering or humiliation (or self or partner)
3. children or other non-consenting persons
|
|
Fetishism
|
–Fantasies, urges, or behaviors involvinginanimate objects or part of the body not typically found erotic (e.g., feet) to obtain sexual gratification
-must cause distress or impairment
|
|
Tranvestic Disorder
|
fantasies, urges or behaviors involving cross-dressing
-must cause distress or impairment
|
|
Voyeuristic Disorder
|
–Fantasies, urges, or behaviors involvingthe observations of unsuspecting personwho are undressing or engaged in sexual activity – aka “peeping toms”
-distress/impairment OR acted upon urges
|
|
Exhibitionistic Disorder
|
–Fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving exposure of one’s genitals to others in inappropriate circumstances and without consent- aka “flasher”
–Distress/Impairment OR acted upon such urges
-commonly co-occurs with voyeurism
|
|
sexual sadism disorder
|
fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving the infliction of psychological or physical pain on another individual
–Distress/Impairment OR acted upon such urges
-Themes: dominance, control, humiliation
|
|
sexual masochism
|
fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving the real act of being humiliated, beaten, bound, or otherwise made to suffer
|
|
Autoerotic asphyxia
|
"self-strangulation" during climax
- 500-1000 accidental deaths each year
|
|
Frotteurism
|
fantasies, urges, or behaviors involving touching or rubbing against a non-consenting person
–Distress/Impairment OR acted upon such urges
|
|
Gender Dysphoria
|
a strong and persistent cross-gender identification and gender dysphoria (discomfort about on'es biological sex or sense of gender role)
|
|
Transsexualism
|
adults with gender dysmorphia who desire to change their sex
|
PSY 322: Test 1