CHEM 101: EXAM 2
61 Cards in this Set
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color
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In the middle ages, alchemists where interested in transforming things, using ________ as a guide
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book of secrets
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In the middle ages, alchemists collected their knowledge in the _________________
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community
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In the middle ages, painting work was moved from the monastery to the __________.
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guilds
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In the middle ages, painters were members of:
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wood
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In the middle ages, the surface for painting with gesso and frescoes is______
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plaster, binders
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In the middle ages, painting was done on _______, with the use of _______
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egg yolk
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In the middle ages, the binders used for tempra when painting on plaster was:
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color and paintings were more 3 dimensional featuring the use of light and shadow
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from the middle ages to the renaissance, what changed with art?
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perspective
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in the renaissance, painters incorporated _______
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religion
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in the renaissance, paintings became less about _______
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palette
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in the renaissance, the ______ of the artist shifted from the limited _____ of the middle ages
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smokiness
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Leonardo developed the technique _______
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Leonardo developed the technique _______
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Michelangelo worked on ____ using _______ color harmonies
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oil painting
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In the late 15th century what was introduced to Italy from the netherlands?
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copper resinate
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_________ was a product of 15th century technology
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venice
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the key to access new color in the renaissance was in ______
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titan
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_______ exploited venice for it's new colors in the renaissance
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coal tar
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many pigments were made from chemicals isolated from ______ including yellow, purple, green, and others
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aniline
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one coal tar product ______ was widly used as a starting chemical in preparation of many different dyes
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structural formulas
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In the 19th century they could determine molecular formulas but not __________
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chemical compound
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when atoms unite to form a stable combination, the combination is called a:
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coefficient
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an introduction of a________ balances an equation
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mendeleev
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who organized the known elements in the 1860s?
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period
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left to right on the periodic table is
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group
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top to bottom on the periodic table is the
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Bohr
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Who laid the theoretical groundwork for describing electrons in terms of the energy shells and sub-shells that they occupy?
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1
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Who laid the theoretical groundwork for describing electrons in terms of the energy shells and sub-shells that they occupy?
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3
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each p level contains ___ levels
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5
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each d level contains ___ levels
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1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d
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electron configuration order to 4d
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an outer octet of electrons
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besides helium what do all the noble gasses share
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compound
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when dissimilar atoms are bonded, the new substance is called a:
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covalent
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when electrons are shared between atoms
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ionic
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when electrons are transferred between atoms
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organic chemistry
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the study of the compounds of carbon:
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valence electron
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outermost electrons are known as
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covalent
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non metal and non metal is
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ionic
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metal and non metal is
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cation
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loss of an electron makes a
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oxidation
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loss of an electron is known as
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isomers
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molecular formulas that have more then one structural formula are:
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conjugated
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a special group of organic compounds are one containing log chains of carbons held together by alternating single and double bonds are said to be:
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colored
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when there are 11 or more double bonds in the chain, the transition have energies in the visible spectrum and the compounds are ______
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dyes, pigments
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2 main classes of colorants are:
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pigment
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if a colorant requires a binder in order to adhere to a substrate, it is a
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organic
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all dyes are _____ in chemical composition
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Perkin
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Who developed the first synthetic dye?
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alcohol, acid, ester, amine, amide
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what are the 5 functional groups?
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addition polymerization
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synthetic polymers built from monomers with a double bond are made by a process called ____________
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ethylene
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the simplest monomer is
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condensation polymerization
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2 different functional groups that can react with each other (a-b-a-b-a-b.....)
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condensation polymers
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polyamides and polyesters are ______
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condensation polymers
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natural polymers can be considered
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colorfast
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efficient dyes need to be:
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ionic forces, hydrogen bonding, van der waals forces, covalent linkages
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dyes and fibers can be held together by:
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it was the first synthesis of a dye not based on known natural dyes
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most significant aspect of perkin's mauve was:
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conjugated system with at least 11 double bonds
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electronic transitions between molecular orbitals results in compounds being colored when:
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T
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t/f: the least reactive elements are in the rightmost column
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t/f: the least reactive elements are in the rightmost column
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the use of oils as binders for painters became popular during the renaissance because:
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pigments need a binder
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how do you distinguish the difference between pigments and dyes?
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science based dye and color industry, compounds and how they relate to color, pigments from coal tar
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August Hoffman contributions:
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Exam 3 - Flashcards