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CHEM 101: EXAM 2
color |
In the middle ages, alchemists where interested in transforming things, using ________ as a guide
|
book of secrets |
In the middle ages, alchemists collected their knowledge in the _________________
|
community |
In the middle ages, painting work was moved from the monastery to the __________.
|
guilds |
In the middle ages, painters were members of:
|
wood |
In the middle ages, the surface for painting with gesso and frescoes is______
|
plaster, binders |
In the middle ages, painting was done on _______, with the use of _______ |
egg yolk |
In the middle ages, the binders used for tempra when painting on plaster was: |
color and paintings were more 3 dimensional featuring the use of light and shadow |
from the middle ages to the renaissance, what changed with art?
|
perspective |
in the renaissance, painters incorporated _______
|
religion |
in the renaissance, paintings became less about _______ |
palette |
in the renaissance, the ______ of the artist shifted from the limited _____ of the middle ages |
smokiness |
Leonardo developed the technique _______
|
Leonardo developed the technique _______
|
Michelangelo worked on ____ using _______ color harmonies |
oil painting |
In the late 15th century what was introduced to Italy from the netherlands?
|
copper resinate |
_________ was a product of 15th century technology
|
venice |
the key to access new color in the renaissance was in ______ |
titan |
_______ exploited venice for it's new colors in the renaissance
|
coal tar |
many pigments were made from chemicals isolated from ______ including yellow, purple, green, and others |
aniline |
one coal tar product ______ was widly used as a starting chemical in preparation of many different dyes |
structural formulas |
In the 19th century they could determine molecular formulas but not __________
|
chemical compound |
when atoms unite to form a stable combination, the combination is called a: |
coefficient |
an introduction of a________ balances an equation |
mendeleev |
who organized the known elements in the 1860s? |
period |
left to right on the periodic table is
|
group |
top to bottom on the periodic table is the
|
Bohr |
Who laid the theoretical groundwork for describing electrons in terms of the energy shells and sub-shells that they occupy? |
1 |
Who laid the theoretical groundwork for describing electrons in terms of the energy shells and sub-shells that they occupy? |
3 |
each p level contains ___ levels |
5 |
each d level contains ___ levels |
1s 2s 2p 3s 3p 4s 3d 4p 5s 4d |
electron configuration order to 4d
|
an outer octet of electrons |
besides helium what do all the noble gasses share |
compound |
when dissimilar atoms are bonded, the new substance is called a: |
covalent |
when electrons are shared between atoms |
ionic |
when electrons are transferred between atoms |
organic chemistry |
the study of the compounds of carbon:
|
valence electron |
outermost electrons are known as
|
covalent |
non metal and non metal is |
ionic |
metal and non metal is |
cation |
loss of an electron makes a
|
oxidation |
loss of an electron is known as |
isomers |
molecular formulas that have more then one structural formula are: |
conjugated |
a special group of organic compounds are one containing log chains of carbons held together by alternating single and double bonds are said to be:
|
colored |
when there are 11 or more double bonds in the chain, the transition have energies in the visible spectrum and the compounds are ______
|
dyes, pigments |
2 main classes of colorants are: |
pigment |
if a colorant requires a binder in order to adhere to a substrate, it is a |
organic |
all dyes are _____ in chemical composition |
Perkin |
Who developed the first synthetic dye?
|
alcohol, acid, ester, amine, amide |
what are the 5 functional groups?
|
addition polymerization |
synthetic polymers built from monomers with a double bond are made by a process called ____________
|
ethylene |
the simplest monomer is |
condensation polymerization |
2 different functional groups that can react with each other (a-b-a-b-a-b.....)
|
condensation polymers |
polyamides and polyesters are ______
|
condensation polymers |
natural polymers can be considered
|
colorfast |
efficient dyes need to be: |
ionic forces, hydrogen bonding, van der waals forces, covalent linkages |
dyes and fibers can be held together by:
|
it was the first synthesis of a dye not based on known natural dyes |
most significant aspect of perkin's mauve was: |
conjugated system with at least 11 double bonds |
electronic transitions between molecular orbitals results in compounds being colored when: |
T |
t/f: the least reactive elements are in the rightmost column |
t/f: the least reactive elements are in the rightmost column |
the use of oils as binders for painters became popular during the renaissance because: |
pigments need a binder |
how do you distinguish the difference between pigments and dyes?
|
science based dye and color industry, compounds and how they relate to color, pigments from coal tar |
August Hoffman contributions: |