MUSI 2060: Exam 1
63 Cards in this Set
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Charley Patton
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Father of the Delta Blues
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Aland Freed
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Radoi dj, first to play rock 'n' roll/ rhythm and blues
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Sam Phillips
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Sun Studios
developed rockabilly in Memphis
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Eddie Cochran
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Rockabilly
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Cosimo Matassa
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New Orleans Dance, owner / recording engineer J&M Studios
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Phil & Leonard Chess
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Chess Studios
developed Chicago RnR
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Scotty Moore
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lead guitarist for Elvis
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Dave Bartholemew
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New Orleans Dance
A&R
manager/arranger
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Jerry Leiber & Mike Stoller
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writers of "Hound Dog"
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Big Mama Thornton
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R&B
singer of "Hound Dog"
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Col. Tom Parker
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Elvis' manager
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Carl Perkins
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Rockabilly
"Blue Suede Shoes"
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Rural Texas Blues
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1. Single-note bass string runs
2. arpeggiated chords
3. repeated melodic, rhythmic figures (riffs)
4. alternate playing bass and treble strings
5. single-melody fills
Blind Lemon Jefferson
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Mississippi Delta Blues
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1. Frequent sliding from note to note
2. slide guitar
3. wailing style of singing
4. small melodic range
5. rhythmic, chordal fills
6. percussive
Robert Johnson
Charley Patton
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Urban Chicago Blues
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1. Derived from Mississippi Delta
2. slide guitar
3. frequent slides between notes, bent notes
4. bent, double-stopped strings/stops
5. intricate polyrhythms
6. single-string fills
7. harmonica is soloing instrument
Muddy Waters
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Northern Band Rock 'n' Roll
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1. Steady, mechanical, fast tempo/meter
2. staccato chords on backbeat
3. slapped, walking bassline
4. often a boogie woogie ostinato
5. lead and background vocals
6. electric steel, and acoustic guitar
Bill Haley and His Comets
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New Orleans Dance Rock
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1. overall bass
2. boogie woogie barrelhouse rhythm
3. basic beat is often subdivided into 3 quick pulse
4. lead vocalist featured
5. tenor sax (solo)
Fats Domino
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Memphis Country Rock (Rockabillly)
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1. Bright, tinny guitar sound
2. vocal; nasal, yelps, stutters, cracked falsetto
3. propelled by slap bass
4. natural studio echo
Elvis Presley, Carl Perkins
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Chicago Rock 'n' Roll
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1. hard-driving beat, even subdivisions
2. 12-bar blues, monochord progressions, strophic form
3. Guitar solos (guitar based)
4. No back up singers
Chuck Berry, Bo Diddley
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Vocal group Rock 'n' Roll
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1. Lead vocalist (high tenor)
2. 3-4 background vocalists-tight harmonies ("barbershop")
3. background uses noises syllables ("doo woo")
4. basic rhythm and blues band
5. I-VI-IV-V
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Carl Perkins Guitar Style
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1. Finger-picking on electric guitar
2. Right hand dampens strings
3. single, double string bends
4. extended chords (9ths, 13ths)
5. syncopated rhythms
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Elvis Presley Vocal Style
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1. Country Style: Southern Accent, hiccup, stutter
2. Rural Blues: Vocal delivery (growls, blue notes)
3. White Gospel: 4-part harmonies
4. Black Gospel: Exuberant style, shouting
5. Pop: Crooning, wide vibrato
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Chuck Berry Guitar Style
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1. Syncopated rhythms
2. rhythmic melodic figures (riffs)
3. double and multiple-stops
4. bent notes
5. single/double finger slides
6. cliche introduction
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Bo Diddley
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1. Heavy use of reverb in amplifier
2. Raw-edged blues sound
3. Chant-like rhythmic solos
4. Rhythms based on juba rhythm (Bo Diddley Beat/ Hambone Rhythm)
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Buddy Holly
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1. combined elements of Memphis and Chicago
2. background in country and western
3. vocal; hiccuping, changing vocal tone mid-song, everyone sings
4. double-tracked vocals and guitar solos
5. popularized Fender Stratocaster
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The Blues
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1. Call and response performance from work songs (antiphonal)
2. Descending melody from field hollers
3. Blue notes: Lowered 3rd, 7th
4. Simple harmonic progression (I-IV-V)
5. Strophic song form
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Country and Western
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1. Derived from folk music brought by UK
2. "Old Timey" music, "hillbilly music"
3. Strong bands
4. Southern Country
5. 2 beat bass
6. Little elaboration/improvisation
7. Vocal: nasal, slide to notes, yodel
8. Southwestern country swing, string band + piano, drums, steel guitar…
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Boogie Woogie
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1. barrelhouse rhythm
2. improvised right hand
3. steady ostinato in left
4. complex polyrhythms between hands
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Rhythm and Blues
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1. Strophic Song form (AAB blues text form)
2. Descending melody, blue notes
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Call & response
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A practice in singing in which a solo vocalist (the call) is answered by a group of singers. Also heard in instrumental music, or between vocalists and instrumentalists, the style is vocal in origin. Also referred to as antiphonal singing.
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Field holler
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A type of work song in which a solo singer shouts out or “hollers” a melody very loudly so that it is picked up by other workers in far fields.
descending melody
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blue notes
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The altered pitch or pitches of a blues scale or song.
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12-bar blues progression
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One of the most identifiable characteristics of the blues, the blues progression of tonic, it is basic to the blues and is prominently used in rock and roll.
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Ostinato (Riff)
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A motive, phrase or theme that is constantly repeated while other musical elements change; a riff.
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downbeat
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The first beat of a measure. The term has also been used for the regular accented beats in a 4/4 measure, beats one and three
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barrelhouse rhythm
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The bouncy, long-short rhythm (dotted eighth note and sixteenth note) that is associated with boogie woogie. The name is derived from the place where boogie woogie flourished: bars or "barrelhouses."
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strophic song form
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A song form in which each verse of the text is sung to the same music. The music for each verse remains the same while the words change. Most blues songs and folk songs are strophic forms. (Compare with standard song form and through-composed form.)
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The Blackboard Jungle
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1955
first film to use rock in its soundtrack
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Race Records
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Term that refers to all music recorded by African-American form the 1920s through the 1940s, including blues, jazz, and ragtime.
Race records were usually from small independent labels and were distributed by the record company owners themselves, often from the trucks of their cars.
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Cover Records
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A recording that has been recorded and released after the original version. A cover may or may not follow the style of the original and sometimes the lyrics are changed. In the early days of rock many rhythm and blues songs, originally recorded by black performers, were covered by white p…
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...
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Ballad singer for the easy listening, slow dancing love song
jump blues band
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Rockabilly
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a type of popular music, originating in the southeastern US in the 1950s, combining elements of rock and roll and country music
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Griot (Jali)
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A singer/musician from the Senegal and Gambia regions of western Africa. The griots are the oral historians of their people and accompany themselves on string instruments, particularly the kora. Blues historians consider the griots to be forerunners of the blues singers. The African name …
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2-beat bass
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A type of bass accompaniment in which the bassist plays the root of the chord on the first beat of a measure and the fifth of the chord on the third beat of a measure. Associated very strongly with county music
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backbeat
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Placing a strong accent on the offbeats. In a four-beat measure, the drummer typically emphasizes beats 2 and 4, creating the basic rhythm of rock music.
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string band
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A musical ensemble associated with Southern country music, originating in the 1920s. The typical string band consisted of acoustic guitars, a string bass, fiddles, and a banjo, perhaps also a mandolin. String band is also sometimes used to describe a blue grass ensemble or a folk ensemble…
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"rock 'n' roll
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dancing /sex
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slapped bass
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lap bass refers to a percussive style of playing used in rockabilly and psychobilly in which the strings are pulled away from the fingerboard until they snap back onto the fingerboard and slappedagainst the fingerboard.
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"Bo Diddley"rhythm
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essentially a 3-2 clave rhythm
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Standard Song Form (AABA)
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A musical structure that typically consists of two musical parts (A and B) played in four sections. Each section is generally 8 measures long, resulting in a 32-measure form. The A part is played and repeated (8 + 8 measures), followed by the B part or bridge (8 measures), and a return of…
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Polyrhythms
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Two or more rhythms performed simultaneously.
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Double Stops
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Tonic
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The main or central pitch of a major key. Tonic also refers to the chord that is built on the first pitch of a scale and is therefore the main or central chord, or home chord, of a major or minor key.
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Subdominant
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The fourth pitch of a major or minor scale. Subdominant also refers to the chord that is built on the fourth pitch of a scale.
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Turnaround
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A melodic and harmonic formula that is played at the end of a larger chord progression to prepare the performers and listeners for another repetition of the progression. Turnarounds typically end with a half cadence
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Walking Bass
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A type of bass line in which each beat of a measure is different tone. The bass line is usually a conjunct type of melody that enables the bassist to go from one chord to the next.
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Shouter
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...
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Slide guitar
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1. a style of guitar playing in which a glissando effect is produced by moving a bottleneck or similar device over the strings, used especially in blues.
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Bent notes
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To slightly alter the pitch of a note by pilling on a string, raising or lowering the voice, or tightening or loosing the embouchure, or mouth position, on a horn. The bent note is often considered a blue note.
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Dominant
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The fifth pitch of a scale. Dominant also refers to the chord built on the fifth pitch of a scale.
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Work song
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music closely connected to a specific form of work, either sung while conducting a task
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Fill
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An instrumental embellishment played during breaks (rests) in a vocal melody. The standard 12-bar blues from has an instrumental fill at the end of each sung line. Fill also refers to anything played by a drummer other than strict time-keeping.
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Texas Urban Blues
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1. Generally use horns in the backup band
2. Saxophone is often the soloing instrument
3. Strong piano basis unless the band leaders were guitarists
Aaron T-Bone Walker
1. Single string guitar fill
2. frequent use of bass and treble strings
3. repetitive rifts
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MUSI 2060: Finals Review