Exam 1- Glycolysis
16 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
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the unfavorable synthesis of ATP during fermentation is possible because
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it is coupled to the favorable breakdown of glucose to lactate
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____-____% of the energy released by fermentation is captured to ATP
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30-50
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glycolysis is like a "play" of ___ reactions in ___ acts
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10; 3
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5 main classes of enzymatic reactions
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1) group transfers (phosphoryl)
2) electron transfers (oxidations and reductions)
3)rearrangements, eliminations, isomerizations
4)reactions that make C-C bonds
5) reactions that break C-C bonds
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nucleophiles
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electron rich
-looking for a nucleus
-often anionic (negatively charged
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electrophiles
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-electron-deficient
-looking for electrons
-often cationic (positively charged)
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act 1 of glycolysis
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phosphorylation, isomerization and cleavage of glucose to two inter-convertible triose phosphates (reactions 1-5) PREP/"INVESTMENT"
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act 2 of glycolysis
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oxidation of glyceraldehyde 3-P by NAD+ with uptake of phosphate (reaction 6). The product (phosphate anhydride, glycerate-1,3-P2) has enough energy to drive ATP formation from ADP (reaction 7) SET UP AND "ROI"
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act 3 of glycolysis
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phosphate transfer (from the 3- to the 2- position of glycerate) to form, by dehydration, P-enolpyruvate --> enough energy to drive ATP formation from ADP (reactions 8-10) SET UP AND ANOTHER "ROI"
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animal glucokinase
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-Very specific for glucose, with a very high Km
(i.e.,low affinity) for glucose
• It is NOT inhibited by its product, glucose-6-P
(i.e.,as long there is a flood of glucose, it keeps
phosphorylaSngit)
• Its levels are posiSvely controlled by insulin
(i.e.,glucose uptake massively amp…
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yeast hexokinase (Hxk2p) moonlights as a
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transcription factor
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act one,reaction one enzyme
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hexokinase
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act 1, rxn 2 enzyme
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phosphoglucose isomerase
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act 1, rxn 3 enzyme
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phosphofructokinase
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act 1 rxn 4 enzyme
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aldolase
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act 1 rxn 5 enzyme
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triose phosphate isomerase (TPI)
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Gluconeogenesis - Flashcards