53 Cards in this Set
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Personality processes
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mechanisms that unfold over time to produce the effects of personality traits
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Priming
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concepts that have been activated recently
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Chronic Accessibility
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concepts that are constantly primed and eventually become part of our personalities
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Perceiver Effect
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Individuals characteristically see other people in consistent ways
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Where do individual differences come from?
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-Inborn patterns of individual temperament
-From experience
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Rejection Sensitivity
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Someone who is likely to interpret any ambiguous situation as confirmation of rejection
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Perpetual Defense
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Appears to have the ability to screen out information that makes the individual anxious or uncomfortable, opposite of chronic accessibility
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Vigilance and Defense
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-People with different traits have a readiness to perceive different stimuli
-The mind seems to be able to filter out information that might be disturbing or threatening
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Consciousness
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Comprises whatever an individual has in their mind at the moment
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What is the capacity of STM
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7 chunks
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Dual Process Models
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conscious vs unconscious thought
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Cognitive experiential self theory (CEST)
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Seeks to explain unconscious processing and the seemingly irrational emotion driven sectors of the mind
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Rational system
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Includes language, logic and systemized factual knowledge. It is analytic, slow and deliberate and it is likely to dominate when you are calm
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Experiential system
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Assumed to be the way animals think and the way our prehuman ancestors thought.
Fast and almost instantaneous, it operates outside of conscious awareness and it is likely to dominate under the sway of emotions
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Goals vs Strategies
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Goals are the ends one desires
Strategies are how you get there
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Explicit goals
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goals that can be measured with a simple questionnaire
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Implicit goals
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Must be measured more indirectly through projective tests
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Idiographic goals
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Goals that are unique to the individual that pursues them
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Current concerns
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An ongoing motivation that persists in the mind until the goals is either attained or abandoned
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Personal projects
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Differ from current concerns in that these are what people actually do
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Personal Strivings
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Long term goals that can organize broad areas of a person's life
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Properties of idiographic goals
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Held consciously at least some of the time, describe thoughts and behaviors aimed at fairly specific outcomes, changeable over time and the individuals various concerns are assumed to function independently
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Nomothetic goals
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Essential motivations that almost everyone has
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Achievement motivation
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A tendency to direct thoughts and behavior towards striving for excellence
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Affiliation motivation
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A tendency to direct thoughts and behaviors towards finding and maintaining close warm emotional relationships
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Power motivation
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The tendency to direct thoughts and behavior towards feeling strong and influencing others
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5 different types of goals established in a survey
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enjoyment, self assertion, esteem, interpersonal success and avoidance of negative affect
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College student goals
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Goals related to work and goals related to social interaction
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Self transcendence vs physical self
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goals oriented towards self transcendence include spirituality and helping one's community and goals oriented towards physical self include hedonism and safety
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Extrinsic vs intrinsic goals
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Extrinsic- popularity, financial success
Intrinsic- self acceptance and affiliation
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Judgment goals
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Refers to seeking to judge or validating an attribute in yourself
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Development goals
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A desire to actually improve oneself, less concerned with proving something and more invested in actually becoming that something
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Mastery oriented pattern
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Responding to failure prompts trying harder the next time
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Helpless pattern
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When failure prompts the individual to simply concede
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Entity theories
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Believing that personal qualities such as intelligence and ability are unchangeable, leading the individual to respond helplessly to any indication that they do not have what it takes
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Incremental theories
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Believing that intelligence and ability can change with time and experience
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Cartensen and goals across lifespan
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The life goals that one sets depends on how much life one believes to have left
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Assessment
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Focus on how well you do things and the ways in which other people could evaluate their performance
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Locomotion
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Tend to avoid distractions and focus on getting the job done
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Defensive pessimism
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People that expect the worst so that they can be pleasantly surprised when the worst does not happen
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Procedural knowledge
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Things that cannot be learned or fully expressed through words but only through action and experience
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Emotion
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A set of mental and physical procedures, it is not something you do and not merely a set of concepts or a passive experience and therefore qualifies it as a personality process
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Basic template of experiencing emotion
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1- person perceives something that has happened
2- they react
3- they consider what their next step is
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3 different sources of emotion
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-triggered by immediate stimuli
-classically conditioned
-can be from the persons own memories or thoughts
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Affect intensity
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People high in this may experience more intense joy and powerful sadness (women are generally higher than men)
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Emotional intelligence
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Accurately perceiving emotions in oneself and others and controlling/regulating one's own emotions
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Alexithymic
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People who have so little emotional awareness that they are virtually unable to think or talk about their own feelings
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3 components of happiness
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1-overall satisfaction with life
2- satisfaction with how things are going in particular life domains
3- generally high levels of positive emotions and low levels of negative emotion
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Eudaimonic well being
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Seeking a meaningful life
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Sources of happiness
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-Individual set point
-objective life circumstances
-political ideology
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4 potential dark sides of happiness
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-happiness too intense can lead to failure to recognize risky situations
-happiness felt at the wrong tim can short circuit efforts to make one's situation better
-directly trying to be happy can be counterproductive
-there are types of happiness that cause problems for the person or t…
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Ontological self
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I
entity that does all the observing and describing, the little person in your head that experiences your life and makes your decisions
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Epistemological self
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ME
A collection of statements you could make about yourself
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PSYC 330 Exam 3 - Flashcards