Front Back
Humanists/Existentalists
...
self actualizers: existentialists:
SA: Maslow, Rogers, Gestalt Psychology (Fritz Perls) with roots to Husserl (phenomenology) E: Binswager, Boss Laing, May, Kopp with roots with Geidegger
Phenomenology
emphasis on how experiences is constructed
Names in phenomenology
Husserl and Heidegger
Maslow Theory
Hierarchy of Needs, people develop thru levels towards full potential Focused mainly on the few who became most highly developed rather than majority of ppl
Hierarcy of Needs: B-Needs: D-Needs:
aka Motives Pyramid style: 1. self actualization (B) 2. status and esteem needs (D) 3. love and belonging needs (D) 4. safety needs (security, comfort) (D) 5. Physiological (food, water, shelter) (D) each need must be met before the individual is free to move on to a "higher" need
Physiological Needs Hypothesis:
Needs essential to human and animal survival, if unmet, they dominate motivation food, water, sleep, sex Hyp: individuals with certain needs that have always been satisfied are best equipped to tolerate deprivation of that need; those who have been deprived in the past will react differe…
prepotent
needs that are dominant at a particular time
Safety Needs
familiarity = safe, children feel threatened when new situation occurs interpreted some neuroses as attempts to ensure a feeling of safety --> compulsive/obsessive neurotics try to keep life predictable
Love and Belonging Need
person seeks love (given and received) and friendship sex is biggest issue at this stage sexual dissatisfaction = important deficiency need
Esteem Needs
need for self-respect and the esteem of others esteem should be stable and firmly based; should result from our actual abilities and achievements when previous needs are met --> motivation turned to career success
Being motivation
once the deficiency needs are (more or less) adequately met, the person functions at a higher level in which the need for self-actualization predominates
Self-Actualization
person is no longer motivated by deficiencies; motivation is need to satisfy personal potential behavioral motivations vary from person to person = idiosyncratic this step was influenced by Carl Jung
Difference between D-motivation and B-motivation
lower level needs occur first because they are necessary for survival; cannot be postponed and feel more urgent when unmet B-Motivation in contrast to D-Motivation: perception is no longer focused (looking for objects to satisfy needs) and can be more passive and receptive B-Love is nonp…
metamotivated (B-needs)
people at level of self-actualization people are motivated by needs at the top of the hierarchy -- beauty, truth, justice
Characteristics of Self-Actualized People
Efficient perception of reality Problem centered Need for privacy (solitude) Independence of culture and environment (autonomy) Freshness of appreciation Peak experiences Human kinship Humility and respect Interpersonal relationships Ethics and values Discrimination between means and end…
Efficient perception of reality
ability of SA person to detect fake and dishonesty in personality and to be able to judge people correctly less likely that others to be misled by their own defense mechanisms, wishes, expectations or stereotypes
Acceptance
SA people are accepting of themselves, others and of nature; accept both the bad and the good and are tolerant
Spontaneity
SA people behave spontaneously, simply and naturally; derives from being in close touch with their inner impulses
Problem Centered
SA people focus on problems outside of themselves; have a sense of social obligation
Need for privacy (solitude)
endure sensory deprivation more easily than others; capable of high levels of concentration
Independence of culture and environment (autonomy)
SA people do not depend on other people or the world for need satisfaction SA person is motivated by internal needs and feels more "psychological freedom"
Freshness of appreciation
the sense of awe and wonder at life always remains fresh for SA people
Peak experiences
personal mystical experiences/states of consciousness that is characterized by most (but not all) SA people
Human kinship
SA people feel a sense of kinship with the human race and thus, are not prejudice
Humility and respect
SA people are humble, feel they can learn from many different people, are democratic rather than authoritarian, do not insist on maintaining their status over others
Interpersonal relationships
SA people have deep relationships with a few people rather than many superficial relationships. Tend to attract admirers.
Ethics and values
SA people have strong ethical standards, values emerge from acceptance of human nature
Discrimination between means and ends
SA people focus on ends/goals of their efforts while still enjoying pleasures of the means
Sense of Humor
SA people do not laugh at other people's expense, nonhostile sense of humor
Creativity
present in all people who are SA'ed, isn't limited to artistic creativity; creativity emerges naturally out of other characteristics
Resistance to enculturation
SA people do not "adjust" to society at the expense of their own character
Resolution to Dichotomies
SA people live as a Eupsychia society - where individual and societal needs are both met; they don't see things in either-or terms

Access the best Study Guides, Lecture Notes and Practice Exams

Login

Join to view and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?