POLS 051:Midterm Studyguide
36 Cards in this Set
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Compulsive Empire Definition
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Hegemons compelled to expand in order to project power and to increase power. As power expands, so does a state’s definition in its own interests. However secure a state is, it can never feel secure enough so this leads to wanting to expand more and more.
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Compulsive Empire Significance
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This has been seen throughout recent history. It was seen in the 19th century as European countries expanded into Africa and more recently when the United States launched a war in in Iraq (2003) to illustrate/demonstrate its power. A compulsive empire can also been seen as Russia’s curren…
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Economic Mutual Deterrence Definition
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This is an economic version of mutual deterrence. Economic mutual deterrence is saying that economic interdependence will deter war.
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Economic Mutual Deterrence Significance
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Economic mutual deterrence is especially seen between Japan and China because even though they dispute over islands, they will not go to war about it because China needs to buy Japanese products as bad as Japan needs to sell them. They both rely on each other for economic reasons and beca…
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Anarchy Definition
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The lack of a world government. States can try to create their own rules and try an attempt at a world government but this often fails and states will act in accordance with their own needs because there is no world governing body to stop them completely
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Anarchy Significance
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The fact that there is anarchy in the world is the major source of the problems in international politics. States operate in a “self-help” environment, which leads to wanting more power. A security dilemma and cooperation are also consequences of anarchy. Cooperation within anarchy is str…
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IGO/NGO Definition
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IGO – a group of individual states who come together, an IGO has members that are states, every IGO has a mission.
NGO – theoretically don’t act on behalf of a particular state and always have a particular cause.
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IGO/NGO Signifiance
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IGOs are responsible for reducing conflict between states, they set limits to how states can exercise power, and rules are created to limit excessive use of sovereignty. NGOs usually raise awareness and help those in need. All NGOs are private and there are apolitical NGOs, political NGOs…
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Collective Goods Problem Definition
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public goods that are available to everyone regardless of contribution. The use of collective goods involves activities that are interdependent and each state’s decisions can affect other states.
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Collective Goods Problem Significance
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The international system itself can be considered a common good and also the collective goods problem is seen within the international system. There is an attempt to fix this problem through coercion, restructuring the preferences of states through rewards and punishments, and change the …
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Containment Definition
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a foreign policy designed to prevent the expansion of an adversary by blocking its opportunities to expand, by supporting weaker states through foreign aid programs, and by the use of coercive force to oppose an active attempt by an adversary to physically expand.
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Containment Significance
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George Kinnen created this idea in 1946 and it was America’s attempt to prevent the spread of communism. Kinnen predicted the behavior of a hegemon and designed a policy to help. Containment of Russia created a proxy war.
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Melian Dialogue Definition
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piece written by Thucydides on the Peloponnesian War between the city-states of Sparta and Athens, also included the city-state Melos.
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Melian Dialogue Significance
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Athenians went to Melos and demanded they pay them tribute or they would destroy their city. Melians wanted to remain neutral so they did not give into the demands given by the Athenians. In the end, Athens conquered Melos and destroyed the city. This shows the success of hard diplomacy a…
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Concert of Europe Definition
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system to balance power in Europe between 1815 and 1914 with the five member states of Russia, France, England, Prussia/Germany, and Austria-Hungary.
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Concert of Europe Significance
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After the end of the Napoleonic wars and hegemonic France this was created to deal with a state that could be bad or troubling is to intergrate them into the international system in order to give them a stake in the system and won’t try to turn on it. This can also be seen with the discus…
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Treaty of Westphalia Definition
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a treaty signed by European countries in 1648 that ended the Thirty Years War.
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Treaty of Westphalia Signifiance
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the treaty established independent, sovereign states, gave territorial integrity to states, established permanent national militaries and also helped establish a more secular nature of authority.
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`Hans Morgenthau Definition
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an immigrant scholar in the field of international politics. His unique view helped shape modern realism and created six claims.
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Hans Morgenthau Significance
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His six claims included the use of power politics, tragedy, an objective, universal law governing IR, political vs. military power, human nature, and fear of mortality, and states being unable to escape power politics because of the last two points all helped shaped modern realism as a re…
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Cuban Missile Crisis Definition
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A confrontation in 1962 between the United States and Soviet Union after the United States put missiles in Turkey and the Soviets put missiles in Cuba.
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Cuban Missile Crisis Significance
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This time period was the tensest period in US-Soviet relations but it was also the turning point. It was the closest the world has come to a nuclear war and it was almost started before Kennedy and Khrushchev has a secret meeting to resolve the conflict and remove their missiles from each…
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Coercive Diplomacy Definition
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One of the three types of diplomacy that is attempting to use threats to get a state to act; a state attempting to force another state to do something (or not) without the use of physical force.
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Coercive Diplomacy Significance
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It is a form of diplomacy that does not have to lead to the use of a state’s military. This type of diplomacy was also seen between the US and Soviet Union during the Cuban Missile Crisis. It is a diplomacy of threats.
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Kant's 3 Definitive Articles Definition
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Kant was the author of the book “Perpetual Peace” and in this book he wrote his three definitive articles, which called for an institution, units in a federation, and something to unite the units of this federation. This is a part of classical liberalism.
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Kant's 3 Definitive Articles Significance
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His articles called for a Pacific Federation that states would join for perks and give up some of their sovereignty, members had to be republics with republican constitutions, and it also called for a cosmopolitan law. His three articles were his vision of a successful international syste…
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Neo-Realism Definition
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a reinterpretation of realism that posits that the structure of the international system is the most important level to study; states behave the way they do because of the structure of the international system; includes the belief that general laws can be found to explain events.
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Neo-Realism Significance
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Neorealism emphasizes anarchy and the consequences of anarchy being a self-help environment, uncertainty, survival of the state, and power competition. All states in neorealism are equal because they are constrained by anarchy and anarchy leads to equality in a sense because states are al…
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Glasnost and Perestroika Definition
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Gorbachev’s idea to be “reconstructing” and “open” brought changes in economic practice, internal affairs, and international relations
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Glasnost and Perestroika Significance
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This set the stage for the end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Soviet Union as they introduced more western ideas and ended the communist reign of Eastern Europe
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Three Levels of Analysis Definition
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Individual, domestic, and international, suggests there are different approaches to analyzing a world politics phenomenon. Realism and liberalism are two ideas formed around these approaches in the study of IR.
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Three Levels of Analysis Significance
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Realists believe that only the international analysis matters in the study of international relations. Liberals believe that each level analysis can make an impact in international relations though they still believe international analysis is the most important.
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Thucydides Definition
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Greek author/politician/general who wrote the Melian Dialogue to explain the Peloponnesian War and is a major reason behind the idea of classical realism
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Thucydides Significance
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He helped explains the importance of hard politics and that the strong would always be able to make the weak do as they wanted
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Hypocritical Hegemon Definition
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A hegemon that tries to influence states to act a certain way but they do not act in this manner or even value acting in this way
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Hypocritical Hegemon Definition
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This was seen with the leaks by Edward Snowden who showed the United States says one thing but acted in a completely different way. It makes the US not seem as credible because they are telling world leaders how to act and the US is not even acting in the way they are trying to get the wo…
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POLS 051:Final Exam