HIST 1023: EXAM 4
56 Cards in this Set
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Moors
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Secure
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Dregs
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sludge, scum
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Dysentery
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infection of the intestines resulting in severe diarrhea w/ blood and mucus in the feces
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Furtively
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attempting to avoid notice or attention, stealthy
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Pate
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a person's head
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Apathetic
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showing or feeling no interest
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Melancholy
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a feeling of pensive sadness w/ no obvious cause
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Abyss
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a deep or seemingly bottomless hole
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Annihilation
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destroy
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Furrow
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a long narrow trench made in the ground by a plow, groovelike
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Conscience
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sense of right, an inner voice
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Peevish
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easily irritated
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Exasperate
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infuriate, irritate intensely
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Prosy
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showing no imagination, dull
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Gendarmes
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a French police officer
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Concussion
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temporary unconsciousness caused by a blow to the head
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Barrage
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bombardment
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Canteen
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container, bottle
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Implacable
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relentless, unforgiving
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Extenuation
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to make excuses for
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Taut
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stretched or pulled tight
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Repulsed
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reject, drive back by force
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Irresolutely
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uncertain, indecisive
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Modern Imperialism
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Fundamental Cause: Industrial Revolution, nationalism
Want to control access to natural products (oil, rubber, tin)
Types of control: sphere of influence, protectorate, annexation
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Southeast Asia
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Strait of Malacca: very important to trade with China
Sir Stamford Raffles: establishes the British in Singapore
Singapore: very wealthy, no natural resources, location dominates Strait of Malacca
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Southeast Asia II
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Burma is taken over by the British
French Indochina: Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
French + British: set up a buffer state = Thailand
America owns the Phillipines
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Phillipines
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United States: 1898
Battle of Manila Bay
America's first colony, used as a military port
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Emilio Aguinaldo
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President of the Philippines, Resistance leader, freedom fighter (movement dies when he dies)
Ruled by America for 50 years (granted freedom after WWII)
Taken over by Japanese, US surrenders
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Empire Building in Africa
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Slave trade
"white mans graveyard"
Will die after 6 months from diseases, rough temps.
Quinine: Medicine to make you more resistant to malaria
Dark continent unmapped
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Empire Building in Africa II
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Slave trade declared illegal by 1833 by the British
British establish Sierra Leone to free slaves
US (1820) bought Liberia to free slaves back home
Modeled from US Constitution
Capital: Monrovia (James Monroe), speak English
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Bantus, Boers, and British in the South
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Cape Town: southern tip of Africa, Dutch (1653)
Boers: Dutch for farmers/settlers
Taken over by British during Napoleonic wars
1834: British abolish slavery
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Great Trek (1830)
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Boers migrate to African interior to escape the British, want independence
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Battle of Blood River (1838)
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500 (Boer) soldiers, pray to God
500 vs. 5,000, Boers miraculously win by blessing of God
River ran red with blood from enemies
Boer Republic: independent, peaceful
Diamonds + gold attract people
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Kimberley (1867)
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attracts the British, in the southern interior, looking for diamonds
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Cecil Rhodes
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controls 90% of diamond fields
becomes Prime Minister
wants to take over Boer Republics
instigates a rebellion, which fails
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Boer War (1899-1902)
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Boers believe the British will quickly dominate them
Boers don't fight fair, very strong
Guerilla Warfare
British suffer losses, but win the war
Lenient peace toward the Boers
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Union of South Africa (1910)
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British dominated by Boers
Boers call themselves Afrikaners
Segregated nation
only white man can vote
Apartheid: Afrikaner for separation
society survived until 1980s
brought to an end by Cold War
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Nelson Mandela
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first voted South African president
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Egypt + Suez Canal
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Ferdinand de Lesseps: French man who engineers Suez Canal (1869)
Suez Canal: lifeline of the British empire
British control trade in India
Protectorate (1881)
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Sudan and the Mahdi
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Charles "Chinese" Gordon (1885)
leads a rebellion to fight the Mahdi
Gordon's army is slaughtered
Battle of Omdurman (1898)
slaughtered, lose 20,000 men
British establish themselves in Sudan
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Arab Merchants and European Missionaries in East Africa
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Zanibar
David Livingstone: Scottish missionary/explorer
First European to see Victoria Falls
Slave market closed (1873)
Henry Stanley
searches for Livingstone
finds him amongst Africans
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The Scramble for Africa (1880s)
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Causes:
nationalism
missionary factor (spread Christianity)
"White Mans Burden" (Rudyard Kipling)
white man is not equal
Social Darwinism
Technology (quinine)
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Berlin Conference (1884)
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Bismarck wants to prevent major wars
devised ground rules, who gets what
pledge to stop the slave trade
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British East India Company
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1857: End Field Rifle
no cartridge, made with lard, break open w/ your mouth
Sepoy: Hindu, Muslim cannot come in contact with pork or beef
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Sepoy Rebellion (1857)
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Indians resent the British
bloody, successful, disorganized
British government rules India until India gains independence (1947)
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Indian Independence (1947)
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Positives:
government well run, thuggee (criminals), Sati (British try to outlaw this practice), railroad system (helps unite India), irrigation projects (export tea + cotton), educational system for elite Indians
Negatives:
Indians are second class citizens, cantonments (neighborhoods…
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Ghandi
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tries to get rid of the Caste System in India
untouchables: unclean, very bottom of the caste
Ghandi tries to provide for them (harijans)
non-violent protests
wears a dhoti: traditional Indian clothes
spinning wheel: symbol of his resistance
boycotts British salt tax (200 mi. march …
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Indian Independence
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Hindus vs. Muslims, call for a separate nation
Mahatma: great soul
Indian National Congress (1885): consists of elite Indians
Muslim League (1906): Muhammad Jinnah
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Jawarharlal Nehru (1889-1964)
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first prime minister of independent India
partitioned/divided
India + Pakistan (fought 3 wars)
India: "Land of the Pure"
Kashmir: northern India, Pakistan claims it
both acquire nuclear weapons
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China
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Manchu Dynasty: corrupt, ruled China, believe they are the only civilized country
Canton: southern part, tightly controlled, require British to do the kowtow
Kowtow: humble, submit yourself, get down on your knees
Chinese have products British want (tea, silk, porcelain)
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China II
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trade imbalance: Chinese don't want from the British
opium: narcotic, pain killers, British get the Chinese highly addicted
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Opium Rebellion
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British get opium from Northern India to trade with China
Lin Zexu: tries to wipe out drug trade
arrests smugglers
writes a letter to Queen Victoria
imposes fines on users
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Opium War (1839-1842)
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primarily a naval war
British starve Chinese into submission
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Treaty of Nahjing
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British force Chinese to sign
open 5 ports to British trade
superior rights, live in their own communities
indemnity: tax to cover cost of the war
Hong Kong: famous port
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Boxer Rebellion (1899-1900)
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secret society
purpose is to get rid of Europeans
directed against foreign presence in China
foreign embassies besieged
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Open Door Notes (1899)
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John Hay: US Secretary of State
equal economic access
preserve territorial integrity of China
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HIST 1023: EXAM 4