42 Cards in this Set
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Which correlation coefficient has the STRONGEST relationships between two variables? +0.58, or -0.87
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-0.87
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positive correlation
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positive coefficient and both variables are increasing
example: height and weight
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negative correlation
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negative coefficient and as one variable increases the other variable decreases.
example: GPA and hours of TV watched
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no correlation
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no relationship; scattered points
example: GPA and number of letters in your name.
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What does the nervous system consist of?
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1. Peripheral Nervous System
2. Central Nervous System: CNS
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What does the CNS include?
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1. Brain
2. Spinal Cord
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What does the Peripheral Nervous System include?
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1. Somatic Nervous System
2. Autonomic Nervous System
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What does the Autonomic Nervous System include?
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1. Sympathetic Nervous System
2. Parasympathetic Nervous System
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Reflex Arcs
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simple neural pathways
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synapse
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gap between neurons
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What happens if the spinal cord is severed?
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no inhibitory control by the brian
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no inhibitory control by the brian
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motor neurons that carry signals from the spinal cord to the periphery
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neural signal is electrical
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as it travels along the length of a single neuron
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Intra -neuronal trasmission are what?
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electrical
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What happens when a cell is not at rest?
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The Action Potential
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Who was interested in the transfer of information from one hemisphere to the other?
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Roger Sperry
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corpus callosum
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connected to the right and left hemisphere; if severed, it is a split brain phenomenon.
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connected to the right and left hemisphere; if severed, it is a split brain phenomenon.
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1. left hemisphere: controls right side of the body.
2. right hemisphere controls the left side of the body.
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the detection and encoding of stimuli
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sensation
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absolute threshold
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the minimum magnitude of stimulus that can be detected
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difference threshold
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the minimum amount a stimulus must change in order for the change in sensation to be detected.
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refraction
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bending of light rays
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adaptation
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a change in sensitivity following prolonged stimulation
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opponent -process theory:
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red-green
blue-yellow
black-white
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red-green
blue-yellow
black-white
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physical, cognitive, social, moral, sexual, etc
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what causes the changes that happen with time
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1. genetic inheritance
2. environmental factors
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Nature vs. Nurture
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the European ethologists vs. the American Psychologists
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What types of things can go wrong in development?
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PKU
DOwn Syndrome (trisomy-21)
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)
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what is Phenylketonuria (PKU)?
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A genetically inherited dominant trait that involves an inability to metabolize the amino acid, phenylalanine.
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A genetically inherited dominant trait that involves an inability to metabolize the amino acid, phenylalanine.
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short nose, thin upper lip, flat midface
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short nose, thin upper lip, flat midface
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Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal
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Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal
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changes in body form and proportion
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changes in body form and proportion
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0-2: sensorimotor
2-7: preoperational
7-11: period of concrete operations
12+: period of formal operations
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Piaget's Sensorimotor Stage
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0-2 years
mental representation; including object permanence
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Piaget Preoperational Period
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2-7 years
the child does NOT show: serialization
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According to Piaget: The preoportional child is?
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egocentric
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Piaget's period of concrete operations
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7-11 years
The child is NOT fully logical.
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Paiget's Period of formal operations
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12+years.
The child is now FULLY logical. Capable of abstract thought, deductive reasoning, and hypothesis testing.
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What is one problem with Piagetian perspective?
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many critics suggest that he underestimated the abilities of children.
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Erik Erikson
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Stages of psychosocial development
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Stages of psychosocial development: Erik Erikson:
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1. Trust vs. Mistrust (1st year)
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How many chromosomes are there in most cells of the human body
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23 pairs
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PSY 113: Final