36 Cards in this Set
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Palentologist
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study of fossils
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fossils
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imprints or remants of organisms that lived in the past
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Where can Darwin's main ideas be traced back to?
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Ancient Greeks
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Aristotle and he early Judeo-Christian culture believed what?
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That species were fixed (did not change or evolve), but there were exceptions (they couldn't explain--- ex. fossils)
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In the century prior to Darwin, the study of fossils suggegested_________________________________.
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That life forms change bc they found fossils but not organisms
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What did Geologists eventually propose? What do we look at?
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That a very old Earth is changed by gradual processes (very small changes over an extended period of time). We look at fossil records.
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Geologists
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Scientists that study the physical nature and process of the earth
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Fossil Reords
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The ordered array in which fossils appear with in sedimentary rocks.
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What was Darwin's basic idea?
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Living species have arison from earlier life forms and species change over time. (they were not fixed)
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What is Darwin's story?
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While on the HMS Beagle in 1830, Darwin ovserved living and fossil organisms and the diversity of life on the Galapagos Islands
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What word did Darwin originally use?
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Decent with modification instead of evolution
(decent from some ancient organism)
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What is the mechanism of evolution?
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Natural selection
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What are the two primary things that Darwin observed?
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1. Produce more offspring than environment can support (means some must die)
2. Vary in many characteristics that can be inherited (Their limited characteristics decided if you lived or not)
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Populations
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Groups of individuals of the same species living in a defined area
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Species
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Group of populations whose individuals can interbreed and produce fertile offspring.
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If we wanted to determine if all 3 populations were the same species then we would have to what?
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Breed them and see if they produced fertile offspring
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Darwin found convincing evidence for his ideas, including what?
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Artificial Selection- of domesticated planst and animals
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Artificial Selection
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Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals (to have characteristics or traits to have what we want)
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Humans have changed many what with what?
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Many species with selective breeding
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What provides strong evidence for evolution?
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Fossils
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Darwin proposed that living species are descended from.....?
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earlier life forms
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Vestigial Organs
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Reminants of structures that are currently marginally important but were very important in ancestors previous. ex. Wisdom teeth and appendix
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Intermediate Forms
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the "missing links"
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Birds are considered living dinosaurs based on what?
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fossil records
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Tiktaalik roseae
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organism that is the link between fish and amphibians
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Tiktaalik is the missing link bc of what reasons?
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1. A rotatable neck useful for land dwellers
2. We see a transition from pectoral fin to transitional footlike structure with bones to a hind limb and rotatable wrist
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Biogeography
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The study of the distribution of life forms over space and time and it reveals where organisms lived and what abundance and why
-The geographic distribution of species suggests that organisms evolve from common ancestors
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Comparative Embryology
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The study of similarities and differences in the development of different organisms. (we compare embryos not organisms)
-As developing embryos, many vertebrates have common structures
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Comparative Anatomy
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The comparison of body structures in different species
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Homologous Structures
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Features that often have different functions but are structurally similar because of common ancestry.
ex. human arm, cat foot, whale fin, and bat wing
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Molecular Biology
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Study of biology at the molecular level
-comparisons of DNA and amino acid sequences between different organisms reveal evolutionary relationships
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Sexual selection may produce what?
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Sexual dimorphism
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Males and females of many species are physically different and this is often the result of what?
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Competition for mating partners
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Sexual dimorphism
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The manifestation of secondary sexual characteristic
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Two basic types of mate selection?
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1. Intrasexual selection- winning male gets all the females
2. intersexual selection- each mate is choosy (female is the most choosiest)
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Which sex is the showiest?
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Male
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BIOL 1543: TEST 1