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BIOL 1543: TEST
Palentologist |
study of fossils
|
fossils |
imprints or remants of organisms that lived in the past |
Where can Darwin's main ideas be traced back to? |
Ancient Greeks |
Aristotle and he early Judeo-Christian culture believed what? |
That species were fixed (did not change or evolve), but there were exceptions (they couldn't explain--- ex. fossils) |
In the century prior to Darwin, the study of fossils suggegested_________________________________. |
That life forms change bc they found fossils but not organisms |
What did Geologists eventually propose? What do we look at? |
That a very old Earth is changed by gradual processes (very small changes over an extended period of time). We look at fossil records. |
Geologists |
Scientists that study the physical nature and process of the earth |
Fossil Reords |
The ordered array in which fossils appear with in sedimentary rocks. |
What was Darwin's basic idea? |
Living species have arison from earlier life forms and species change over time. (they were not fixed) |
What is Darwin's story? |
While on the HMS Beagle in 1830, Darwin ovserved living and fossil organisms and the diversity of life on the Galapagos Islands |
What word did Darwin originally use? |
Decent with modification instead of evolution
(decent from some ancient organism) |
What is the mechanism of evolution? |
Natural selection |
What are the two primary things that Darwin observed? |
1. Produce more offspring than environment can support (means some must die)
2. Vary in many characteristics that can be inherited (Their limited characteristics decided if you lived or not) |
Populations |
Groups of individuals of the same species living in a defined area |
Species |
Group of populations whose individuals can interbreed and produce fertile offspring. |
If we wanted to determine if all 3 populations were the same species then we would have to what? |
Breed them and see if they produced fertile offspring |
Darwin found convincing evidence for his ideas, including what? |
Artificial Selection- of domesticated planst and animals |
Artificial Selection |
Selective breeding of domesticated plants and animals (to have characteristics or traits to have what we want) |
Humans have changed many what with what? |
Many species with selective breeding |
What provides strong evidence for evolution? |
Fossils |
Darwin proposed that living species are descended from.....? |
earlier life forms |
Vestigial Organs |
Reminants of structures that are currently marginally important but were very important in ancestors previous. ex. Wisdom teeth and appendix |
Intermediate Forms |
the "missing links" |
Birds are considered living dinosaurs based on what? |
fossil records |
Tiktaalik roseae |
organism that is the link between fish and amphibians |
Tiktaalik is the missing link bc of what reasons? |
1. A rotatable neck useful for land dwellers
2. We see a transition from pectoral fin to transitional footlike structure with bones to a hind limb and rotatable wrist |
Biogeography |
The study of the distribution of life forms over space and time and it reveals where organisms lived and what abundance and why
-The geographic distribution of species suggests that organisms evolve from common ancestors |
Comparative Embryology |
The study of similarities and differences in the development of different organisms. (we compare embryos not organisms)
-As developing embryos, many vertebrates have common structures |
Comparative Anatomy |
The comparison of body structures in different species |
Homologous Structures |
Features that often have different functions but are structurally similar because of common ancestry.
ex. human arm, cat foot, whale fin, and bat wing |
Molecular Biology |
Study of biology at the molecular level
-comparisons of DNA and amino acid sequences between different organisms reveal evolutionary relationships |
Sexual selection may produce what? |
Sexual dimorphism |
Males and females of many species are physically different and this is often the result of what? |
Competition for mating partners |
Sexual dimorphism |
The manifestation of secondary sexual characteristic |
Two basic types of mate selection? |
1. Intrasexual selection- winning male gets all the females
2. intersexual selection- each mate is choosy (female is the most choosiest) |
Which sex is the showiest? |
Male |