BIO 241: FEMALE REPRODUCTION
43 Cards in this Set
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Internalgenitalia
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2ovaries
2oviducts
(uterine or Fallopian tubes)
uterus
vagina
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Externalgenitalia
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clitoris
labiaminora
labiamajora
Breastsand mammary glands
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ovary structure
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tunicaalbuginea
cortexwith follicles
medullawith blood supply
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ligaments of the ovary
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mesovarium
mesosalpinx
ovarianligament
broadligament
suspensoryligament
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number of ova from development to now
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7million at 5th month
2million at birth
40,000at puberty
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OOGENESIS
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oögonium enters meiosis. goes to primary oocyte. it stays arrested in prophase 1. when follicle develops, it becomes unarrested, and sheds its polar body to become a secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase 2. if it fertilizes, then egg completes meiosis 2, sheds another polar body and beco…
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the ovarian cycle - stages
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primordial
primary unilaminar
primary multilaminar
secondary follicle
tertiary follice
corpus leteum
corpus albicans
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primordial follicle
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primary oocyte arrested in prophase 1, plus a layer of flattened follicle cells (given by ovary at birth)
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primary unilaminar
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primary oocyte resuming meiosis 1, 1 layer of cudoidal cells in mitosis secreting estrogen
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primary multilaminar
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primary oocyte getting to first meiotic division. multiple layers of cuboidal cells in mitosis and secreting estrogen
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secondary follicle
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secondary oocyte arrested in metaphase 2, multiple follice cells in mitosis secreting
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tertiary follicle
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secondaryoöcytethat is arrested in metaphase II +
multiplefollicle cells secreting estrogen
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Corpusluteum
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remnantsof follicle cells after ovulation
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Corpusalbicans
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scarredover corpus luteum
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2 stages of ovarian cycle
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Follicular– primordial to tertiary (estrogen)
Leutal – ovulation – on (estrogen +progesterone)
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oviducts sections
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fimbriae - sweeping fingers
infundibulum - right after sweeping
ampulla - where you get pregnant
isthmus - narrowing into the uterus
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uterus anatomy sections
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fundus
corpus(body)
cervix
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Pouches of the peritoneum over uterus
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vesicouterine pouch: between the bladder and uterus
rectouterine pouch: between the rectum and uterus (pouch of douglas)
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histology of the uterus
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perimetrium
myometrium - muscle
endometrium - stratum basalis + functionalis
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vagina gross anatomy
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fornix(anterior and posterior) - where vagina goes to cervic
rugae - ridges
hymen
introitus(orifice)
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there are no vaginal glands, but what is there?
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cervicalmucous glands
transudationof tissue fluid
cellssecrete glycogen
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Vulva parts
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monspubis
labiamajora
labiaminora
vestibule (including urethralorifice
vaginalintroitus)
clitoria (prepuce, glans and crus)
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vulva lubrication
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vestibular bulbs
vestibular glands
paraurethral glands
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Perineum
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urogenitaltriangle
analtriangle
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breast anatomy
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adipose tissue with mammary glands in. alveolar ducts attaching. lactiferous sinus (milk storage) ending in lactiferous duct
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female hormones
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see card
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relaxin
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relaxespubic symphysis/cervical dilation
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inhibin
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inhibitsGn-RF and FSH (don’twant to waste any more eggs)
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progesterone
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stimulatessecretory endometrium & prepares mammaryglands for milk synthesis
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low levels of estrogen
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Gn-RFsecretion and the anterior pituitary gland to secrete FSH, whichinitiates follicular development at the beginning of a newcycle.
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Highlevels of estrogen
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allow Gn-RF secretion and the anterior pituitary gland to secrete LH, which stimulates ovulation, thus leading to formation of the corpus luteum.
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Moderatelevels of estrogen
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inhibitGn-RFsecretion and therefore inhibits FSH and LH.
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female cycle
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menses
preovulatory
ovulation
postovulatory
ischemic
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menses
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greatlydiminished blood estrogen and progesterone levels; stratum functionalis dead and shedding; low estrogenstimulates Gn-RF + FSH
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preovulatory
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newfollicles developing and secreting estrogen; rising blood estrogen causesmitosis of stratum basalis and rebuilding of stratum functionalis
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ovulation
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highestrogen stimulates Gn-RF + LH, thus stimulatingovulation; as a result corpus luteum is formed
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postovulatory
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corpusluteum produces estrogen + progesterone;stratum functionalis becomes secretory:
1. retains water
2. uterine glands secrete glycogen
3. spiral arterioles rapidly develop
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ischemic
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corpusluteum dying; blood estrogen andprogesterone levels dropping; spiral arterioles vasoconstrict for 6 hours at a time; stratum functionalis begins to die
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sexual responses for male
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excitement - erection and bulbourethral gland lubrication
orgasm - emission & ejaculation
resolution - detumescence & refractory period
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sexual responses for female
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excitement & plateau - vaginaltransudate, lubricationfrom vestibular glands, orgasmicplatform formed, tentingeffect
orgasm
resolution - detumescence
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detumescence
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loss of erection
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vaginaltransudate
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vaginal weeping
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Orgasmicplatfrom
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cervixarea lengthens and outside contricts to grip – uterus moves up fromover the bladder to pull cervix up
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BIO 241: BLOOD