BIO 241 1st Edition Lecture 28Outline of Last Lecture I. Electrolytes vs. nonelectrolytesII. Functions of electrolytesIII. Exchange of water across capillariesOutline of Current Lecture II. Exchange of water across cell membranesIII. Acid-base balanceCurrent LectureII. The exchange of water across cell membranes is based on osmosis and the different ionic compositions in the compartments. The net flow = zero and Na+ and K+ have the greatest effects on the exchange.III. The normal body fluid pH range is 7.35 – 7.45. This range is maintained by three mechanisms: buffer systems – strong acids converted to weaker ones, exhalation of carbon dioxide (respiratory compensation), and kidney excretion of hydrogen ions (renal compensation). The buffer system is consists of the bicarbonate system = CO2 + H2O ←→ H2CO3 ←→ H+ + HCO3-, the phosphate system = H2PO4- ←→ HPO4-- + H+, and the protein system = -COOH ←→ -COO- + H+ and -NH2 + H+ ←→ -NH3+. Carbon dioxide exhalation are the effects of hyperventilation and the effects of hypoventilation. Kidney regulation is the most These notes represent a detailed interpretation of the professor’s lecture. GradeBuddy is best used as a supplement to your own notes, not as a substitute.permanent because H+ are directly eliminated from the body through urine. Metabolic acidosis is when the body produces too much acid or when the kidneys are not removing enough acid from the body and respiratory acidosis is when the lungs cannot remove all of the carbon dioxide the body produces. Metabolic alkalosis is when the body fluids have excess base and is caused by too much bicarbonate in the blood. Respiratory alkalosis is when increased respiration elevates the blood pH beyond the normal
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