Memory Wrap Up and Intelligence Across the Life Span – Day 14
15 Cards in this Set
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What is intelligence according to the psychometric approach?
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-Verbal ability, problem-solving skills, and the ability to adapt to and learn from life's everyday experiences
-Intelligence cannot be directly measured
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What is the spearman intelligence approach?
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G factor: general ability
S factor: special abilities
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Fluid intelligence
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-Our ability to actively solve new problems with our mind
-The ability to see relationships
-Linking stimuli to action
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Crystalized intelligence
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-Our learned abilities
-Acquired through education and experience
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The Binet tests
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-Binet developed the concept of mental age: an individuals level of mental development relative to others
-Test has been revised and administered to individuals aged 2 years through adulthood
-Required both verbal and nonverbal responses
-Assess four content areas: verbal reasoning, qu…
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Gardner’s theory of intelligence
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He rejects the idea that a single IQ score is a meaningful measure of human intelligence and argues that there are many intelligences, most of which have been ignored by the developers of standardized intelligence tests.
8 distinct intellectual abilities:
-Linguistic intelligence
-Ma…
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Sternberg’s theory of intelligence is
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Proposed a triarchic theory of intelligence that emphasizes three components that jointly contribute to intelligent behavior:
-Practical: focuses on the ability to use, apply, employment, and put into practice
-Creative: consists of the ability to create, design, invent, originate, …
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Sternberg’s sub theories
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-Contextual subtheory: defines intelligence as our ability to interact with contextual cues
-Experimental subtheory: intelligence as defined by utilizing our experience to solve new problems
-Componential intelligence: Information-processing skills
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Explanations for differences in IQ
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Genetics
-Accounts for about 1/2 of differences
Environment
-SES
-Culture
-Communication styles
-Cultural bias in test contenct
Flynn Effect: the rise in IQ scores over the 20th century that is likely the result of better nutrition, living conditions, and education
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How does IQ change with age- Early IQ as a predictor
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-IQ infancy is not a stable predictor
-Infants are prone to boredom and frustration
-We also test different items than later IQ tests
-Most people call the scores DQ (developmental quotient)
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How does IQ change with age- Correlations between IQ and adult outcomes
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IQ scores are correlated in adulthood with:
-Job status
-Occupational success
-Scores of more than one deviation below the mean is related to shower life-expectancy
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How does IQ change with age- IQ in late life
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-IQ scores tend to drop in later adulthood
-Verbal IQ appears fairly stable
-Performance IQ showed declines
-When we were born influences IQ
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How does IQ change with age- Terminal drop hypothesis
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States that death is preceded by a decrease in cognitive functioning over approximately a 5 years period prior to death
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Seattle longitudinal study
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-K. Warner Schaie is investigating the individual change and stability in intelligence across the life span
The main mental abilities tested are:
-Vocabulary
-Verbal memory
-Number ability
-Inductive reasoning ability
-Spatial orientation
-Perceptual speed
The highest level of…
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Influences on IQ
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Genetics: Highly correlated with genes
Home environment: Encouraging and achievement oriented families are positively correlated with IQ scores
Social Class: Higher social class is positively correlated with IQ scores
Generation: Flynn effect
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FSHD 117: THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT