Memory and Information Processing Across the Life Span – Day 13
14 Cards in this Set
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Implicit memory
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Unintentional, automatic, subconscious recall
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Explicit memory
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Intentional recall, often accomplished through cues or active effort
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Signs that infants can learn/memorize
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-Imitation
-Habituation
-Operant conditioning
-Recall
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What are some of the changes in childhood memory?
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-Basic capacities increase
-Better memory strategies
-Increased knowledge about memory (metamemory)
-Increased world knowledge
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Different types of memory strategies
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Rehearsal: the repeating of items they are trying to learn and remember
Organization: classifying items into meaningful groups
elaboration: involves actively creating meaningful links between items to be remembered/ achieved by adding something to each item in the form of either wor…
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Autobiographical memory
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Childhood/Infant amnesia
-The tendency of our memories to not include very early life
-Memory of life events increases as we age
-Language skills may aid in the development of memories about our life
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Development of learning strategies
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Mediation deficiency: child cannot spontaneously use or benefit from strategy even if they are taught how to use them/ seem qualitatively unable to grasp the concept of the strategy
Production deficiency: children can use strategy they are taught but do not produce them on their own
…
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What are scripts? How is it related to recall?
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The tendency build scripts (in our memory) for how activities should happen
-Dating script confusion may be at the root of many relationship problems
-We may misremember info so that it fits what we expect in our scripts
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What happens to memory during early childhood?
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Memory improves during childhood with increased efficiency of basic information-processing capacities, greater use of memory strategies, improvement in metamemory, and growth of general knowledge base.
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What happens to memory during adolescence?
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Have larger knowledge bases, and their metamemory skills also improve and contribute to increased memory performance and problem-solving ability
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What happens to memory as we age?
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Many older adults perform less well than younger adults on memory tasks that require speed, the learning of unfamiliar or meaningless material, the use of unexercised abilities, recall rather than recognition memory, and explicit rather than implicit memory
As we age we develop experti…
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What are the different ways we can test adult memory and learning?
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Timed Tasks: older adults need to go through the material more times to learn it equally well and may need more time to respond when their memory is tested
Unfamiliar content: involves learning unfamiliar material and thus do not allow older adults to use their knowledge base
Artifi…
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3 types of learning styles
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-Visual learners
-Auditory learners
-Kinesthetic/tactile learners
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Why do we see memory decline?
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Basic processing
-Our nervous system slows down, reducing the 'space' in working memory
-This may reduce our ability to process and store information
Sensory changes have an effect as well
-Reduction in our processing skills may be related to slowdowns in our perceptual speed
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FSHD 117: THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT