Cognition Day 2 & Memory and Information Processing Across the Life Span – Day 12
11 Cards in this Set
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Post-formal thought involves understanding that
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-The correct answer to a problem requires reflective thinking
-May vary form one situation to another
-The search for truth is an ongoing, never-ending process
-Solutions to problems need to be realistic
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Changes in cognition: Possibilities
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-Hold many possible outcomes in their mind at one time
-More easily between the specific and the abstract and to generate multiple alternative possibilities
-Development of deductive reasoning
-The use of hypothetical and perspective taking
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Changes in cognition: Abstract concepts
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-Ability to comprehend higher-order abstract logic including that used in puns, proverbs, metaphors, and analogies
-May be linked to growth of social thinking/cognition
-Adolescence are also better able to think more philosophical issues and more abstract concepts
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Changes in cognition: Relativism
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-Ability to see things as relative rather than simple black and white/ skepticism
-Feelings of uncertainty or that no knowledge is completely reliable
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What occurs to cognition in late adulthood?
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-We see some declines on Piagetian's tasks as we age
-Older adults tend to slow down in recognition of objects
-Strong levels of "wisdom" and "expertise" still exist
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What is the role of social interaction?
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Vygotsky: Social interaction is the key stimulus in the development of our thought processes. Knowledge is not a fixed state/use of private speech in important.
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What are some common factors of social interaction?
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Intersubjectivity: Process of coming to a shared understanding through dialogue and interaction
Scaffolding: Structuring the learning situation so that it is within reach of the individual
Zone of proximal development (ZPD): Difference between what the individual can do alone and wh…
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Information-Processing approach
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-Emphasizes that individuals manipulate, monitor, and strategize about information
-Central are the processes or memory and thinking
-Individuals develop a gradually increasing capacity for processing information
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Different types of memory systems
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Sensory register: our mental ability to log/register sensory input for use in memory
Short-term memory: passive holding system for information we may want to hold longer
Working memory: short-term storage that holds items for us to work with
Long-term memory: information that is …
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Process of storing long-term information
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Encoding: getting information into the system
Consolidation: putting information into a form we can use to remember it
Storage: holding information for a later use
Retrieval: our ability to recall previously learned material
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Different ways we remember information
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Recognition: Identifying an object or event as one that has been experienced before, such as when a person must select the correct answer from several options
Recall: recollecting or actively retrieving objects, events, and experiences when examples or cues are not provided
Cued re…
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FSHD 117: THEORIES OF HUMAN DEVELOPMENT