36 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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Helicase
|
melts parental DNA strands
|
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SSBP
|
coats ss-DNA template to prevent reannealing
|
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Primase
|
synthesizes RNA primers on ss-DNA template
|
|
DNA Pol III
|
synthesizes DNA and requires a primer
|
|
RNaseH
|
remove RNA primers on lagging strand
|
|
DNA Pol I
|
remove RNA primers on lagging strand, also replaces RNA with DNA
|
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DNA ligase
|
seals nicks between O. Fragments by making P-Bonds
|
|
Topoisomerases
|
relax DNA in front of rep fork
decatenate replicated circular chormosomes
|
|
Topo IV
|
in E. Coli, decantenantion
|
|
Dam Methyltransferase
|
recognizes/modifies specific sequence by adding methyl group to 2 of the adenine bp
|
|
Telomeres
|
protect end of chromosome
|
|
ribonucleoprotein
|
quat complex with protein and RNA subuints
|
|
Telomerase
|
extends 3' end of telomere of DNA
can have RNA template (different than DNA Pols)
Can only add to 3' end (similar to DNA Pols)
|
|
Regulatory Region
|
DNA sequences that attract regulatory proteins
|
|
Transcription Unit
|
Portion of gene transcribed as RNA
|
|
mRNA
|
template for protein synthesis
brief half life
short lived
|
|
rRNA
|
Enzymatic component of ribosome
Stable
Important in making mRNA
|
|
tRNA
|
Adapters between mRNA and amino acids during translation
Stable
|
|
Regulatory RNAs
|
Diverse
still trying to figure this out
|
|
Ribonuceleoprotien
|
Has RNA and protein, but enzymatic activity is due to RNA not protein subunit
|
|
Core Polymerase
|
5 subunits
Weak and non-specific DNA binding
|
|
Holoenzyme
|
Core + sigma factor + additional proteins
|
|
Sigma Factor
|
Sequence specific binding
|
|
Tyrosine R group
|
RNA polymerase presses down onto incoming base so as to produce stacking interactions that force NTP into proper position for elongation rxn
|
|
UP-Element
|
Binding site for RNA Pol so it is an even stronger promoter
Things that need to be translated very often have UP element
C-terminal Domain of sigma factor binds to UP element
|
|
Pol 1
|
Only transcribes rRNA genes
|
|
Pol 2
|
Transcribes mRNA from genes that code for proteins
|
|
Pol 3
|
Transcribes tRNA and other small RNAs
|
|
What does it mean for eukaryotic mRNA to be monocistronic?
|
It only codes for proteins, no operons
|
|
Where does transcription take place?
|
Nucleus
|
|
Where does translation take place?
|
Cytoplasm with ribosomes
|
|
Mediator Protein
|
Large protein complex that is an activator protein which communicates to polymerase to achieve promoter clearance
|
|
What are the 3 modifications that pre-mRNA must go through?
|
5' addition of G-methyl cap
3' polyadenylation
Splicing (if introns present)
|
|
Transcription
|
synthesize RNA
DNA-->RNA
|
|
Replication
|
Copy DNA
|
|
Translation
|
RNA-->protein
|
MCB 250: Exam 1