BIOLOGY 151: EXAM 1

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21 Cards in this Set

Front	Back
Kinase	A protein that adds a phosphate to another protein.
GAP	Catalyst for hydrolysis, inactivates GTPase. GTP->GDP
GEF	Guanine nucleotide exchange factor. GTP exchange factor, removes the GDP and replaces it with a new GTP.
Phosphorylation	Adding a phosphate.
Phosphatase	A protein that removes a phosphate from Another protein.
Negative feedback	A product that stops the cell cycle.
Positive feedback	A product that leads to a continuation of the cycle.
Switches	Active or inactive enzyme that switches something between on and off.
Amplification	1 signal enters and many leave the unit. One kinase actives many other kinases.
Receptor	A protein (usually in the membrane) that recognizes a signal.
Kinase cascade	1 kinase that activates another kinase which active another and another, etc. the cell renewal pathway.
Second messanger	Amplifiers of the signal, not proteins and it occurs intracellular.
The Central Dogma	DNA-> RNA-> protein
mRNA	Messenger RNA
RNA polymerase	It binds to the promoter and copies the DNA into RNA.
DNA	Dioxyribose nucleic acid, a double helix.
Base complimentarity	The bases match up.DNA: A->T, C->G RNA: A->U, C->G
Transcription	When DNA becomes RNA.
Promoter	Section of DNA that the transcription factors and polymerase binds to and transcription begins here.
Enhancer	Transcription factors also binds to it and it aids in signaling the polymerase. Region of DNA far from the gene.
Amino Acids	Building blocks of proteins.