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BIOLOGY 151: EXAM 1
Kinase
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A protein that adds a phosphate to another protein.
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GAP
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Catalyst for hydrolysis, inactivates GTPase. GTP->GDP
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GEF
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Guanine nucleotide exchange factor. GTP exchange factor, removes the GDP and replaces it with a new GTP.
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Phosphorylation
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Adding a phosphate.
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Phosphatase |
A protein that removes a phosphate from Another protein.
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Negative feedback
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A product that stops the cell cycle.
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Positive feedback
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A product that leads to a continuation of the cycle.
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Switches
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Active or inactive enzyme that switches something between on and off.
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Amplification
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1 signal enters and many leave the unit. One kinase actives many other kinases.
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Receptor
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A protein (usually in the membrane) that recognizes a signal.
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Kinase cascade
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1 kinase that activates another kinase which active another and another, etc. the cell renewal pathway.
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Second messanger
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Amplifiers of the signal, not proteins and it occurs intracellular.
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The Central Dogma
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DNA-> RNA-> protein
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mRNA
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Messenger RNA
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RNA polymerase
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It binds to the promoter and copies the DNA into RNA.
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DNA
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Dioxyribose nucleic acid, a double helix.
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Base complimentarity
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The bases match up.DNA: A->T, C->G
RNA: A->U, C->G
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Transcription
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When DNA becomes RNA.
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Promoter
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Section of DNA that the transcription factors and polymerase binds to and transcription begins here.
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Enhancer
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Transcription factors also binds to it and it aids in signaling the polymerase. Region of DNA far from the gene.
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Amino Acids
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Building blocks of proteins.
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