48 Cards in this Set
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Normative Age-Graded Influences
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Influences that are similar to individuals in a particular age group.
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Normative History-Graded Influences
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Influences that are common to people of a particular generation because of historical circumstances.
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Non-Normative Life Events
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Unusual occurrences that have a major impact on an individual's life.
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Three Major Domains of Human Development
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Biological processes, cognitive processes, socioemotional processes
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Biological Processes
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Changes in the individual's physical nature.
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Cognitive Processes
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Changes in an individual's thoughts, intelligence, and language.
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Socioemotional Processes
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Changes in an individual's relationships with other people, emotions, and personality.
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Nature-Nurture
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How much of development is influenced by your surroundings and how much is influenced by your genetics.
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Stability and Change
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Involves the degree to which early traits and characteristics persist through life or change.
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Continuity-Discontinuity
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Focuses on the degree to which development involves either gradual, cumulative change (continuity) of distinct stages.
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Eriksons Theory of Development
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Trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt, industry vs. identity confusion, intimacy vs. isolation, generativity vs. stagnation, and integrity vs. despair.
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Freud's Theory of Development
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Oral stage, anal stage, phallic stage, Latency stage, genital stage
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Ecological Theory (Bronfenbrenner)
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microsystem, mesosystem, ecosystem, exosystem, and chronosystem.
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Microsystem
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Microsystem
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Mesosystem
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Interrelationships
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Exosystem
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social settings, communities. Neighbors.
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Macrosystem
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Involves the culture in which the individual lives.
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Chronosystem
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Sociohistoricalconditions
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Descriptive Research
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Studies designed to observe and record behavior.
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Correlational Research
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Relationship between two variables.
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Experimental
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independent variable and dependent variable
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Cross-Sectional
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Different ages at the same time.
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4 basic Issues in Protecting Human Participants in Research
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Informed consent, confidentiality, debriefing, deception
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Three Stages of Prenatal Development
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Germinal period, embryonic period, fetal period.
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Germinal Period
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first two weeks after conception, creation of the zygote.
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Embryonic Period
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two weeks-8 weeks, rate of cell division increases.
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Fetal Period
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Lasting about seven months, fetus starts to form.
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Blastocyst
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Inner layer of cells that develop during the germinal period.
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Trophoblast
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The outer layer of cells that develop in the germinal period.
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Amnion
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The life-support system that is a bag that contains a clear fluid in which the developing embryo floats.
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Umbilical Chord
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A life-support system containing two arteries and one vein that connects the baby to the placenta.
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Placenta
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A life support system that contains disk-shaped group of tissues that provide nutrients to the fetus.
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Teratogen
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Any agents that causes a birth defect.
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Three Things That Can Influence the Effects of a Teratogen
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Dose, genetic susceptibility, time of exposure.
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Two Approaches to assessing the health of a newborn
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Apgar scale, Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale (NBAS)
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Apgar Scale
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Evaluates infant's heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, body color, and reflex irritability.
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Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale
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A measure that is used in the first month of life to assess the newborn's neurological development, reflects and reactions to people and objects.
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Moro
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Sudden stimulation, arms out
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Rooting
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Touch cheek, baby turns head
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Sucking
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Touch mouth, baby sucks
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Babinski
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Touch foot, fan out toes
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Stepping
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Hold above surface, walks
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Habituation
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Decreased responsiveness to a stimulus after repeated presentation of the stimulus.
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Scheme
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An organized pattern of thought or actions applied to people, objects, or events in an effort to make sense of them.
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Assimilation
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Incorporating new information into existing schemas.
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Accomodation
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Changing schemas.
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Implicit Memory
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Memory without conscious awareness
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Explicit Memory
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Memory with conscious experiences.
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HDFS 105: Exam 3