Study Guide: Final Exam
150 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Formally defined, psychology is the study of
|
scientific study of human thought and behavior
|
|
characteristics such as hair color, risk taking, metabolism are caused by interaction of many genes and are said to be products of
|
polygenic transmission
|
|
a developmental psychologist would most likely study which of the following
|
verbal ability from childhood to adolescence
|
|
trephination is a practice involving
|
drilling small hole in someone's skull to release demons thought to possess the person
|
|
Escher's famous face case figure is a classic example of Gestalt principle of
|
figure ground
|
|
Cal believes that larger percentage of city's population will engage in public displays of affection in highly populated cities due to feelings of anonymity when among a lot of other people. he rides bus in densely populated NYC for 5 hours straight and watches bus riders interactions wit…
|
naturalistic observation
|
|
one of differences between psychiatrist and clinical psychologist is that psychiatrist
|
can prescribe drugs
|
|
when researchers lesioned the ___of a cat, cat went into deep coma and never regained alert state
|
reticular formation
|
|
Dr Hennessey believes that psychologists should analyze only human behavior that can be observed. he is most likely a strict
|
behaviorist
|
|
Jessica wants to conduct study about differences in jealousy between men and women. she asks 400 college men and women series of questions. what is her sample?
|
400 college men and women
|
|
Dr Bischer conducting study to determine if men who wear new type of soccer uniform will perform better. she randomnly assigns half to old and half to new. they do not which old (red) or new (blue). new uniforms did not make difference in number goals scored. what is dependent variable?
|
number of goals scored
|
|
little boy running around store yelling and kicking. his parents cannot control him. strict nature nurture theorist might say
|
parents fault
|
|
representative sample
|
subset of population that truly reflects characteristics of that population
|
|
one important attribute that scientists must have is to be
|
skeptical
|
|
in process of ____ enzymes bind to specific neurotransmitter to destroy excess
|
enzymatic degradation
|
|
which of following describes Weber's Law?
|
size of just noticeable difference in stimuli perception is constant fraction of intensity of stimulus
|
|
Dr Butcher calculated a 87 correlation coefficient between number of days student attended class for semester and final scores. what can he interpret from his finding?
|
there is strong relationship between coming to class and performing well on final
|
|
luke is in woods at night yet still can see path below and trees around due to action of
|
rods
|
|
group that receives pills that do not contain active ingredient is the
|
placebo group
|
|
research by Barr and colleagues showed that people with ADHD tend to have low levels of
|
norepinephrine
|
|
difference between clinical and counseling psychologist
|
clinical focus on treatment for medical disorders while counseling focus on treating relatively healthy people with everyday problems
|
|
in US, first practitioner of humane treatment of mentally ill
|
Dorothea Dix
|
|
the following from in depth paper Dr wrote about client: "Miss experienced loss of parents at early age. now 36, divorced, and has two kids. she has difficulty maintaining steady employment. 8 months ago she met criteria of diagnoses for major depressive disorder. now responding to experi…
|
case study
|
|
interviews and questionnaires are what type of research measure
|
self report/ survey
|
|
psychologists use correlational study design would most likely be addressing which of following research questions
|
is there a relationship between parent income and children intelligence test scores
|
|
which of following is theory of color vision that can explain color afterimages as well as some instances of color blindness
|
opponent process
|
|
melinda sees a bear in woods and gets scared. decides to run away as fast as can. when home calms down. the ____ prepared her body to deal with emergency and ____ relaxed her body after
|
sympathetic nervous system/ parasympathetic
|
|
why would researchers design study in which neither participants nor investigators know whether participants been assigned control or experiment group?
|
experiment expectancies might influence participant behavior
|
|
axons that become ____ are insulated and can transmit faster
|
myelinated
|
|
if researchers lesion amyglia of lab animal what would result
|
no fear
|
|
psychs in US use standardized reference for diagnosing mental disorders called
|
DSM-IV-TR
|
|
which of following key factor in true experimental design
|
random assignment
|
|
___ communicate only with other neurons
|
interneurons
|
|
independent variable is to ____ as dependent variable is to ___-
|
cause/ effect
|
|
cocaine blocks reuptake of neurotransmitter ___ thereby increasing its availability in synaptic cleft and stimulating feelings of euphoria
|
dopamine
|
|
the ___ which is implicated in learning also controls balance, coordination, and fine motor skills
|
cerebellum
|
|
sam sees sign that says CLUB_PENFRO_8PM TO 4AM. she knows what says. perception most likely interest to
|
gestalt
|
|
different forms of same gene
|
alleles
|
|
security guards at concert have to search bags for cameras but barely neone has some. they committed many
|
false alarms
|
|
what happened to phineas gage when sustained injury to frontal lobes when bar went through head in railroad accident
|
personality changed
|
|
Nateis farsighted. what happens to visual images focused on retina
|
images focus behind retina
|
|
repetition of scientific study to determine reliability of findings
|
replication
|
|
a trait characteristic or value that changes between or within people places objects or conditions is
|
variable
|
|
which lobe plays important role in sensation and perception to touch
|
parietal
|
|
Lillian sees sign that says CL_SED due to gestalt law of ____ she knows store is closed
|
closure
|
|
the function of neurons in brain is to ___ messages
|
generate/ receive/ intergrate
|
|
____ happens when brain interprets and comprehends info that is received from sensory organs
|
perception
|
|
what is difference threshold (just noticeable difference)
|
smallest amount of change between two stimuli that an individual can detect 50% of time
|
|
which of following accurately portrays general pathway for process of vision
|
retina> optic nerve> thalamus> visual cortex
|
|
autonomic nervous system regulates
|
cardiac muscle/ kidney function/ adrenal glands
|
|
if time spent in REM sleep during typical 90 minute segment of sleep is measured early in a nights sleep, which would likely contain most REM
|
towards end
|
|
out of sight out of mind is a stage Piaget might have used for children who
|
lack object permanence
|
|
a higher scale on glasgow coma scale indicates
|
higher likelihood of recovery
|
|
prenatal exposure to flu viruses increases risk of child developing ___ later in life
|
schizo
|
|
which of the following is true of brain development
|
continues after birth
|
|
with respect to intelligence and creativity research has shown which of the following to be true. IQ scores are
|
only weakly correlated with creativity
|
|
research on driving and attention demonstrates that
|
driving while talking on cell phone even if hands free is like driving drunk
|
|
person credited with developing first intelligence test is
|
alfred binet
|
|
judy is trying to figure out how to set up receiver tv and dvd to function together. after some trial and error she gets everything working. this has demonstrated
|
convergent thinking
|
|
Kohlberg at what level of moral development is one who believes okay to disobey social rules if leads to reward
|
preconventional
|
|
embryonic stage begins
|
two weeks after implantation when major organ development begins
|
|
student in late 20s prefers early classes and does quite well. she tends to be less alert later in day. this difference in energy level at different time of day is reflected of students'
|
circadian rhythm
|
|
who adopted binets original intelligence test for US students naming it stanford binet
|
lewis ternman
|
|
which of following is order of prenatal development from early to late
|
zygote>germinal>embryonic>fetal
|
|
when asked where sun goes at night Tegan tells dad goes to sleep. later gets upset because thinks sister has more juice when actually her glass is just taller and thinner. what stage of piagets cognitive development is he in?
|
preoperational
|
|
most widely used psychoactive drug is
|
stimulant
|
|
those who demonstrate avoidant attachment style as children will most likely show which kind of behavior in adult intimate relationships
|
fear of commitment
|
|
one of kinseys contributions to scientific study of sex was method of
|
considering homosexuality on falling continuum
|
|
rose is smitten with sid. she is speaking with him and fully aware of what he is saying how he smells look in his eyes how makes her fell. her state of consciousness is high in
|
mindfulness
|
|
charles spearmens concept of g factor states that intelligence is
|
general or overarching ability
|
|
tabitha is driving in heavy traffic and does not see bumper sticker that reads honk if flunked college. she is experiencing
|
inattentional blindness
|
|
jenny dreamed trying to swim in maple syrup and started to drown. her roomie using freuds theory of dreams said that syrup represented relationship with canadian bf and that although sweet to her, felt as if she suffocated and unable to breath or move on. the latent content of dream is
|
boyfriend and feelings about relationship
|
|
in which stage of piagets theory of cognitive development does object permanence develop
|
sensorimotor
|
|
women consistently score better than men do in measures of
|
reading comprehension
|
|
sleep spindles present in which of following stages
|
A) stage B) one C)3 and rem....NONE OF THESE ACTUALLY IN STAGE 2
|
|
complete dissapearances of k complexes from indivuals sleep cycle
|
deepest sleep
|
|
will extremely relaxed and somewhat drowsy. he knows feeling likely facilitated by increase in hormone ___ in bloodstream
|
melatonin
|
|
in harlows classic experiment monkeys showed greatest attachment to source of
|
contact comfort
|
|
elizabeth engrossed in video game. her brain activity characterized by following waves
|
beta
|
|
which of the following is true with respect to hypnosis
|
most people are not highly hypnotizable
|
|
which sense least developed in fetus
|
vision
|
|
teratogens
|
envt agens that can damage developing child
|
|
linda drinks wine often and requires more and more to feel effect she is experiencing
|
A) withdrawal B) psychological dependence C)delirium tremens
NONE OF THESE
|
|
according to ____ our sense of self is shaped by psych crises or challenging tasks that occur at certain points in our lives
|
Erikson
|
|
of three intelligence noted in sternbergs theory, which not measured well by traditional IQ test
|
creativity
|
|
in which stage of piagets theory of cognitive dvlpmt is conservation of shape number liquid first possible
|
concrete operations
|
|
corbin who is ten years old took test thatshows he has mental age of 15. according to intelligence measurement theorists what can be concluded
|
corbin more intelligence than most 15 year olds
|
|
dylan highly decorated fighter pilot in air force. according to gardners thoery dylan has
|
spatial intelligence
|
|
currently intelligence test for children most widely take is
|
WISC
|
|
research by gregory showed that WAIS significantly correlatedwith academic class ranks in hs. this exam has
|
predictive validity
|
|
megan took intelligence test twice and received same scores. this test has
|
reliability
|
|
tony has IQ of 68 and would meet criteria for
|
mild retard
|
|
elise is german and took english test and complained too many big words in english. her argument is that test lacked
|
vailidity
|
|
according to cattecks theory which of following categorized as fluid intelligence
|
karwen has come up with new thoery of vision
|
|
which of following correct order of stages of piagets theory of cognitive dvlptmt from early to late
|
sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational
|
|
blaise involved in putting together science project and did not realize three hours based by. this state of consciousness is
|
flow
|
|
according to feist which of following 5 personality traits shared most often by creative people
|
openness to experience
|
|
student in afternoon math class who not good with computers took computer based math test. although class usually performs well did not on this test. because poor computer skills likely interfered with performance, test lacks
|
construct validity
|
|
scientists note that IQ test that shows test bias does not
|
predict outcomes equally well for different groups
|
|
donna relaxing on beach and drowsy but not asleep her brain activity is most likely
|
alpha waves
|
|
research shows that big five personality traits are
|
prevalent across cultures
|
|
Albert Banduras bobo study demonstrated which of the following with respect to aggression
|
children can learn aggression with exposure to aggressive models
|
|
which of the following is true about depression
|
episodic disorder
|
|
schizo involves
|
profound changes in thought and emotion
|
|
one common factor shared by those with antisocial PD is that
|
they lack a conscience
|
|
the main idea of client centered therapy is the person will not become well if he or she experiences
|
gaps between his or her ideal self and actual self
|
|
Janet has 3 distinct personalities each of whom have own behaviors emotions and memories. janet often has blocks of time when cannot remember anything-often days- and it at times other personalities emerge. janet is experiencing
|
dissociative identity disorder (DID) formerly called mult personality disorder
|
|
Aiden has noticed that when going for run in park he runs faster when others than when running on path alone. this best illustrates phenomenon of
|
social facilitation
|
|
prozac zoloft paxil and celexa all treat depression by
|
increasing availability of seratonin in brain
|
|
what is comorbity
|
simultaneous occurence of two or more disorders in same person
|
|
milgrams classic study on obedience when participant showed resistance to idea of harming someone how make him continue
|
experimenter told required to continue
|
|
about ____ percent of US adults suffer psych disorders in lifetime
|
50
|
|
alfred adler disagreed with freud suggesting that ___ is major motivator for all behavior
|
strive for superiorty
|
|
carl rogers considered someone psychologically well adjusted if he or she
|
had congruence between ideal selves and real selves
|
|
benzodiapines and barbiturates are prescribed to relieve
|
anxiety
|
|
johanna watches bob slip on stairs and concludes these steps steep and dangerous. she is making a ____ attribution
|
situational
|
|
don knows has feelings for someone else but tells friends thinks partner is cheating on him. according to psychoanalytic theory dons behavior is example of
|
projection
|
|
in research, consistency of ratings betwen two or more raters is
|
inter rater reliability
|
|
those with ___ PD have out of control emotions, are afraid of being abandoned and vacillitate between extremes of loving and hating people closest to them
|
borderline
|
|
___ which is chem unrelated to SSRIs trcyclics and MAO inhibitors is widely used to treat depression and help people stop smoking
|
bupropione (wellbutrin)
|
|
positive symptoms of schizo
|
hallucinations and delusions
|
|
dr budd presenting client an ambigous image and asking her to report what sees hope being that thoughts and wishes from unconscious will reveal in form of answer. this is the ____ test
|
projective
|
|
dionne from france thinks all people from asia yet aware everyone in france is different. she is experiencing illusion of
|
out group homogenity
|
|
for deviant behavioor to be considered disorder must also be
|
distressing and dysfunctional
|
|
in radical procedure called prefrontol lobotomy, which of following performed?
|
connections between prefrontal lobes and lower portion of brain severed
|
|
lucy about to take math test when someone next to her makes jokes about how women bad at math. she performs poorly on test even though usually does well. her performance could be caused by
|
stereotype threat
|
|
dr hall in therapy session with client who is violent criminal. although dr doesnt approve of actions still shows genuine liking of her, regardless of actions. he is expressing
|
unconditional positve regard
|
|
jennings doesnt want close relaionships and never gets emotional with anyone or anything. reclusive andwants to be left alone. he likely has
|
schizoid PD
|
|
according to freud, id operates according to
|
pleasure principle
|
|
chad who diagnosed with schizo said to therapist "i came to lamp to get pastry changed..." his speech ex of
|
word salad
|
|
newly errogenous zone in 2nd stage of psychosexual dvlpmt is
|
anus
|
|
implicit associations test (IAT) designed to measure
|
implicit bias
|
|
which of following constitutes slip of tongue known as freudian slip
|
marcy accidentally calls tom her bf her ex's name
|
|
psychodynamic approach contends that ___ are source of neurosis and therefore should be focus when treating anxiety
|
repressed thoughts and memories
|
|
___ disorders generally start in childhood and more stable over time and difficult to treat than clinical disorders
|
personality disoders
|
|
jon must knock 7 times before entering room and stir coffee 7 times. he is exhibiting
|
compulsion
|
|
which of following is likely best approach to treating psychological disorder
|
combo of drug treatment and psychotherapy
|
|
in famous murder kitty genovese, psychologists speculate that no one came to her aid because of
|
diffusion of responsibility
|
|
which of following is biologically based treatment for psych disorders
|
surgery
|
|
karen horney theorized person would develop anxiety traits if he or she
|
turns childhood anxiety towards parents inward to self
|
|
statistically speaking trait such as anxiety is
|
normally distributed in pop.
|
|
blanche wants to be center of attention flamboyant dramatic seductive. she likely has
|
histrionic PD
|
|
garret is taking phenothiazine. which of following cluster of symptoms is psychiatrist trying to treat
|
hallucinations, confusion, paranoia
|
|
which of type of psychotherapy approach is most validated by emprical research and evidence
|
cognitive behavioral therapy
|
|
psychologists would most likely used which of following to assess thought disorder (TAT)
|
rorschack ink blot test
|
|
elliot has extreme phobia of heights his therapist is going to help him with flooding which of following is therapist most likely to do?
|
going to take him to 40 story buildingand make him look down
|
|
kelly comes home from work and throws clothes on floor and doesnt clean because no time except goes out later. psychoanalytic theory would say she has a strong
|
id
|
|
solomon aches classic study of conformity pressure shows that
|
majority of people went along with group answers even though clearly wrong
|
|
about __ percent of US adults afflcited with schizo
|
1
|
|
luzhas chronic pervasive anxiety. she worries about everything and cannot pinpoint exact source of why. she has common anxiety disorder known as
|
generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)
|
Study Guide: Final Exam