BIOL 2002C: DIGESTIVE SYSTEM
22 Cards in this Set
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What 2 enzymes are present in the mouth and what do they break down?
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1. Amylase: breaks down Starch
2. Lingual Lipase: breaks down Lipids
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What is pepsinogen? What secretes it? How does it become Pepsin?
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-Pepsinogen: Most powerful enzyme; made in an INACTIVE form.
-Secreted by Chief Cells in the Lumen of the STOMACH.
-Presence of HCl turns Pepsinogen into Pepsin (very powerful protease).
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What 2 veins/arteries bring blood TO the Liver? What takes blood out?
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What 2 veins/arteries bring blood TO the Liver? What takes blood out?
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What are the 3 salivary glands?
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1. Parotid Gland
2. Submandibular gland
3. Sublingual Gland
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Overview of the FUNCTIONAL SEGMENTS of GI Tract Functions (6)
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1. Mouth: bite, chew, swallow
2. Pharynx/Esophagus: transport
3. Stomach: mechanical disruption; absorption of water and alcohol
4. Small Intestine: chemical and mechanical digestion and absorption
5. Large Intestine: absorbs electrolytes and vitamins (B & K)
6. Rectum/Anus: Defecati…
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1. Mouth: bite, chew, swallow
2. Pharynx/Esophagus: transport
3. Stomach: mechanical disruption; absorption of water and alcohol
4. Small Intestine: chemical and mechanical digestion and absorption
5. Large Intestine: absorbs electrolytes and vitamins (B & K)
6. Rectum/Anus: Defecati…
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1. Teeth
2. Tongue
3. Salivary Glands
4. Liver
5. Gallbladder
6. Pancreas
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Layers of the GI Tract (inside outward) (4
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1. Mucosa - Inner
2. Submucosa - Middle
3. Muscularis - Middle
4. Serosa - Outer
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What is Bolus?
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When food is broken down by chewing and mixes with saliva
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What is Chyme?
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When Bolus enters the stomach it becomes Chyme
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What 3 types of glands are in the Stomach and what do they secrete?
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1. Mucous Neck Cells secrete Mucous
2. Chief or Zymogenic Cells secrete Pepsinogen and Gastric Lipase
3. Oxyntic Cells secrete HCl
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What organ releases Bile and are the cells called? What is Bile's contribution to digestion?
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-Liver
-Hepatocytes
-Bile emulsifies Triglycerides
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What is the Small Intestine's main contribution to Digestion? What are the 3 parts of the small intestine called?
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-Absorption
-Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum
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What part of the Small Intestine contains Peyer's Patches? Brunners Glands? Which part includes neither
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-Peyer's Patches: Ileum
-Brunners Glands: Duodenum
-Neither: Jejunum
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Where are Brunners Glands located? What is the function of Brunners Glands?
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-Located in Duodenum
-Function: secrete alkaline mucus that helps neutralize gastric acid in Chyme
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-Located in Duodenum
-Function: secrete alkaline mucus that helps neutralize gastric acid in Chyme
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-Located in Ileum
-Function: Lymphatic Tissue; Immune functions
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4 Layers of tissue in the small intestine?
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-Inner: Mucosa (Figerlike Villi-increase surface area)
-Middle: Submucosa (Peyer's patches-Ileum; Brunners Glands-Duodenum)
-Middle: Muscularis (2 layers of smooth muscle)
-Outer: Serosa
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What are the parts of the Large Intestine? (5)
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1. Cecum
2. Colon (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid)
3. Rectum
4. Anal Canal
5. Appendix
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What are the parts of the Anal Canal? (2) What are the made up of?
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1. Internal Sphincter: Smooth Muscle and involuntary
2. External Sphincter: Skeletal Muscle and voluntary control
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What does the Large Intestine absorb? (3)
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1. Water
2. Electrolytes
3. Some Vitamins
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What does MALT stand for?
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Mucous Associated Lymphatic Tissue
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What is the role of Mucous in digestion? What happens when it fails to coat?
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-Protects and Lubricates
-When it fails, ULCER
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What is a Lacteal?
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-A lymphatic capillary that absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the Small Intestine
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BIOL 2002C: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE