BIOL 2002C: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE
33 Cards in this Set
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What are the female reproductive organs? (6)
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1. Ovaries (gonads)
2. Uterine/Fallopian Tubes
3. Uterus
4. Vagina
5. Vulva
6. Mammary Glands
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How is the Uterus typically positioned?
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Anteverted
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What is the histology of an Ovary? (4)
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1. Tunica Albuguinea: capsule of dense connective tissue.
2. Cortex: region just deep to tunica, containing FOLLICLES.
3. Medulla: deeper region; composed of connective tissue, blood vessels, and lymphatics.
4. Germinal Epithelium: simple epithelial covering over the ovary
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What is Oogenesis? Where does it occur?
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-Formation of a single, haploid SECONDARY OOCYTE
-Occurs in ovaries
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What is the Oogenesis Sequence? (3)
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1. Reduction Division (meiosis I)
2. Equatorial Division (meiosis II)
3. Maturation
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What is a Follicle? What are the Follicular Stages? (7)
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-Surrounds the Oocyte
-1. Primordial
2. Primary
3. Secondary
4. Graafian
5. Ovulation
6. Corpus Luteum: ovulation WOUND
7. Corpus Albicans: SCAR
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What is an Ovarian Cyst?
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-A fluid filled sac in or on an ovary.
-Most require no treatment, but the larger ones may require surgery.
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What are the stages of egg production (Oogenesis) for females? Where does it occur?
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1. Oogonium (2n)
(Mitosis occurs)
2. Primary Oocytes (2n)
(Meiosis I occurs)
3. Secondary Oocytes (n)
(Meiosis II occurs)
4. Ovum (egg) (n)
-Females have ALL their eggs while still in the womb. Occurs in the Ovaries
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What is Atresia?
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-Degeneration of Oogonia.
-Female fetuses produce MILLIONS of Oogonia, but most degenerate.
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Early life history of Oogonia
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-Some Oogonia develop into PRIMARY OOCYTES and stop in PROPHASE I (meiosis).
-Primary Oocytes remain in Prophase I until PUBERTY
-Each month, hormones cause Meiosis I to resume in several follicles so that meiosis II is reached by Ovulation.
-Penetration by the sperm causes the final s…
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-Some Oogonia develop into PRIMARY OOCYTES and stop in PROPHASE I (meiosis).
-Primary Oocytes remain in Prophase I until PUBERTY
-Each month, hormones cause Meiosis I to resume in several follicles so that meiosis II is reached by Ovulation.
-Penetration by the sperm causes the final s…
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-Birth: 200,000 - 2 Million
-Puberty: 40,000
-400 mature during a woman's life
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Fallopian Tubes: what is the open portion near the ovary? What are the finger-like processes? What is the central region? What is the narrow portion that joins with the Uterus?
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-Infudibulum
-Fimbriae
-Ampulla
-Isthmus
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Fallopian Tubes: what is the INFUNDIBULUM?
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-The open, funnel-shaped portion near the ovary.
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Fallopian Tubes: What is the Fimbriae?
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-The moving, finger-like processes.
-SWEEP Oocyte into tube
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Fallopian Tubes: what is the AMPULLA?
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-the central region of the tube.
-Where the Secondary Oocyte get fertilized. Fertilzation occurs within 24 hours after ovulation.
-Takes about a week for ZYGOTE to reach the Uterus
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Fallopian Tubes: What is the ISTHMUS?
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-The narrowest portion that joins the Uterus.
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-The narrowest portion that joins the Uterus.
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1. Fundus
2. Body
3. Isthmus
4. Cervix
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What are the layers of the Uterus? (inside outward) (3)
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1. Endometrium (Inner): stratum functionalis & stratum basalis
2. Myometrium
3. Perimetrium: visceral peritoneum
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What are the 2 parts of the Endometrium (inside outward)? what type of cells are the Endometrium?
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1. Stratum Functionalis (inner): shed during menstruation
2. Stratum Basalis (outer): replaces stratum functionalis each month.
-Simple, columnar epithelium
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What is the Myometrium composed of?
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-3 layers of smooth muscle
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What are the functions of the Vagina? (3)
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1. A passageway for spermatoza and the menstrual flow.
2. The receptacle of the penis during sex
3. Lower portion of the birth canal.
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What is Rugae?
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Transverse folds of the vagina
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What is Vulva/Pudendum?
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-The external genitalia of the female
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What does the Vulva/Pudendum consist of? (10)
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1. mons pubis
2. Labia majora
3. labia Minora
4. Clitoris
5. Vestibule
6. Vaginal and urethral orifices
7. Hymen
8. bulb of the vestibule
9. Skene's Gland
10. Bartholin's Gland
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What lubricates the vagina/Vulva?
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Glands (Bartholin's gland)
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What is the Perineum?
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-Diamond shaped muscle system between the thighs in both sexes.
-Bounded by PUBIC SYMPHYSIS and COCCYX
-Urogenital Triangle contains EXTERNAL GENITALS
-Anal Triangle contains ANUS
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What are Mammary Glands?
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-Modified SWEAT GLANDS that produce milk (lactation)
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What determines the size of breast? What keep the breasts from sagging?
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-Amount of ADIPOSE tissue.
-Suspensory ligaments (Cooper's ligaments)
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When does reproduction function start to decline in males?
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-More subtle, men can reproduce into their 80s & 90s.
-Decreasing levels of testosterone begin around age 55 and decrease muscle strength, sexual drive, and viable sperm.
-Enlargement of the prostate affects 1/3 of males over 60. Symptoms: frequent urination, decreased force of stream, …
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What is MENARCHE? MENOPAUSE?
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-Menarche-first menses
-Menopause: last menses
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What does the reproductive system begin to decline in females?
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-Between ages 40-50.
-Ovaries become less responsive to gonadotropic hormones from the Anterior Pituitary. This results in decreased Estrogen and Progesterone levels and Follicles do not undergo normal development
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What are symptoms of Menopause? (7)
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1. Hot flashes
2. Copious sweating
3. headache
4. vaginal dryness
5. depression
6. weight gain
7. emotional fluctuations
(also exerience increased incidence of osteoporosis, uterine cancer, and breast cancer)
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What is the function of the Fallopian Tubes? (2)
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-To transport the ova from the ovaries to the uterus and are the normal sites of fertilization.
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BIOL 2002C: FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE