HIST 109: Midterm
30 Cards in this Set
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Herman Cortés
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A rebel in character, he concurred the Aztec empire, came from noble Spanish family, in 1518 took off to explore Mexico.
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La Malinche
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Slave given to Cortes upon his arrival in Mexico. She becomes his interpretor, advisor, and lover. Together they produce a child that is believed to be the beginning of the mulatto race. She was viewed as a traitor by her own people for helping Cortes and the Portuguese.
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Francisco Pizarro
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Encomienda in Panama, attempts to concur South America, 1524 – unarmed and retreated, 1531 – returns with 200 men and indigenous translators. Concurs Incan empire ultimately.
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Atahualpa & Huascar
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Atahualpa was the last Incan ruler before the Spanish overtook their empire. Was captured by the Spanish, The other dies of the flu
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Virgin of Guadalupe
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a blend of cathlioc and indigenous religious icons which symbolized a great deal later on during the wars of Mexican independence
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Transculturation
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Cultural borrowing and sharing – a two-way exchange that occurs when different cultures of approximately equal complexity and technological level come into close contact
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The Potato
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The potato became the first sustainable crop brought from the Americas to Europe. A great symbol of industrialization which increased the population in Europe, a perfect example of the Colombian exchange. However, cloned potatoes from the Americas lacked species diversity and caused famen…
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The Columbian Exchange
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this was and is an exchange of food, livestock and disease that takes place within Colombia and Europe. It also included the exchange of slaves and slave labor. New food intorduced to europe, new animals introduced to the new world
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Tenochtitlan and Cuzco
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Tenochtitlan was the Aztec capital located in Lake, Texcoco, founded in 1325, fell to Cortez and his army during the conquests. Cuzco was the Incan capital city
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Casta Paintings
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caste = a social level or grouping. These were paintings that were highly influenced by the Enlightenment period which prized logical conclusions (x + y = z) normally depicted cross-cultural marriage and the children, which resulted from those marriages. They were used as a way to categor…
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Bartolomé de Las Casas
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Catholic priest who in 1514 freed his slaves
fought for the rights of Native Americans
convinced the Pope and Spanish King that the enslavement of the Natives was wrong
encouraged bringing in black slaves as a better option
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Catalina de Erauso
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Female conquistador c. 1530, disguised as male
Spanish
Served in Chile
Conquistador as profession: great possible result
Used masculinity and conquest to find freedom in the new world; conquest more important than gender crossing in old world
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Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz
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a writer and thinker of the Mexican golden age of enlightenment and philosophy
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Tupac Amaru II
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started an indigenous uprising in Spanish Peru in 1780. With his people, he murdered a crown official,. He failed to capture Cuzco and was executed He led the first large scale revolt against the Spanish rule in the New World.
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Haitian Revolution
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a slave rebellion against the French that was not reported in the Americas because the slave owners were afraid of their slaves getting ideas to rebel.
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Napoleon
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began concurring parts of Spain and pushing the Spanish Monarchy away and in to the corners of the country.
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Dom Pedro I
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The son of Dom João. Became the 1st emperor of Brazil. He made a constitution in 1824. Pedro rules from 1822-1831. He abdicates the throne to Pedro II, after being an unpopular ruler
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Dom Pedro II
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is 2 years old when his father leaves him to rule Brazil. The country is ruled by a regent, he takes control in 1840. Challenged the cathlioc church as a practicing mason, patron of art and science.
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Princess Isabella & the Golden Law
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The Golden Law was signed in to effect by Princess Isabella. This law liberated Brazilian slaves in the spring of 1888
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The Enlightenment
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enlightened thought prized ration and reason, it emphasized the importance of the logical thought. Emphasized the importance of math and science, bringing logical explanation back to the forefront of importance.
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Creoles
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children born in the Americas to two parents from Spain or Portugal, seen as inferior by those born in their native New World counties.
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Transculturation
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Cultural borrowing and sharing – a two-way exchange that occurs when different cultures of approximately equal complexity and technological level come into close contact
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Miguel Hidalgo & El Grito
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Hidalgo was a priest in the cathlioc church who set off the spark that cause Mexican independence. He eventually lost control of his army and was killed. He questioned the main ideals of the cathlioc church and the political nature of its structure. He shouted from a rooftop a famous spee…
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Jose María de Morelos
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priest and former study of hidalgo, lead the uprising of a south mexico city, calls for universal male sufferage, an abolution of slavery and indigenous tribute, calls for reform to cathlocism being the official religion of mexico, executed in 1815
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Jose de San Martín & Bernardo O’Higgins
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Argentine who receives military training in spain influenced by enlightenment and masoic ideals. O’Higgins is educated in England and spain, rejected the Bonaparte presence in spain, joins san martin in the march across the andes, helped establish Peruvian independence.
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Simón Bolivar
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Venezuelan, well read and educated man, seen as the great liberator for liberating a laundry list of countries including Bolivia which is named for him, Manuela Saenz, his mistress and military confidant and strageist,
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José Martí
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Cuban patriot + poet,
led movement for independence from Spain. Had feared that the U.S. would replace Spain and dominate their politics.
Launched a revolution in 1895, counted on provoking U.S. interventionto help rebels
considered one of the great turn-of-the-century Latin American…
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Coffee and Sugar
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constant push and pull in the slave trade, supply and demand of both. Coffee took far more labor because of the amount of steps in the process. sugar plantations aid in the boom of brazilian economy
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Gilberto Freyre
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wrote and discussed the idea that slaves in brazil had a much more fluid relationship with their masters than those slaves in the Americas. Described brazil as a racial democracy
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Agustín I
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Plan de Iguala (1821), Army of 3 guarntees (freedom of religion, independence from spain and guaranteed union) He became the first ruler and emperor of Mexico after it was declared free and independent
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Final Study Guide