39 Cards in this Set
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Something that speeds the rate of a chemical reaction but is not used up in that reaction is called a
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a. Catalyst
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1. The amount of energy it takes to get a chemical reaction going is known as
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a. Activation energy
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A molecules that is acted upon by an enzyme is a
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a. Substrate
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You cells require _____ to manufacture certain coenzymes
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vitamins
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When a proteins three dimensional structure has be altered to the extent that it no longer functions, it has been
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a. Denatured
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Whenever there are several different enzymes available to combine with a given substrate, __________ results
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enzymatic competition
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In a _________ for enzyme control, the end product inhibits one step of its formation when its concentration becomes high enough
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In negative feedback
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1. Which of the following contains the greatest amount of potential chemical bond energy
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ATP
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1. Electron transfer reactions are commonly called ___________ reactions
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oxidation-reduction
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1. As electrons pass through the pores of cell membranes, and enzyme,_______ (a phosphhorylase), uses electron energy to speed the formation of an ATP molecule by bonding a phosphate to an ADP molecule
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ATP
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1. Organisms that are able to use basic energy sources, such as sunlight, to make energy containing organic molecules from inorganic raw materials are called
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a. Autotrophs
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1. Cellular respiration processes that do not use molecular oxygen are called
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a. Anaerobic
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1. The chemical activities that remove electrons from glucose result in the glucose being
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a. Oxidized
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The positively charged hydrogen ions that are released from glucose during cellular respiration eventually combine with blank ion to form blank.
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a. An oxygen, water
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1. The krebs cycle and ETS are biochemical pathways performed in which eukaryotic organelle?
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a. Mitochondira
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In a complete accounting of all the ATP’s produced in aerobic cellular repiration in eukaryotic cells, there are a total of blank ATP’s: blank from the ETS, blanks from glycolysis, and blank from the krebs cycle
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a. 36, 32, 2, 2
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1. anaerobic pathways that oxidize glucose to generate ATP energy by using an organic molecule as the ultimate hydrogen acceptor are called
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a. fermentation
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1. When skeletal muscle cells function anaerobically, they accumulate the compound blank, which causes muscle soreness
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a. Lactic acid
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1. Some organisms excrete ammonia directly, others convert ammonia into other nitrogen containing compounds, such as
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a. Urea or uric acid
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1. The ATP generation process in mitochondria works by using which of the following
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proton pump
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1. Which best explains the need to reduce pyruvic acid in fermentation?
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a. NAD+ needs to be regenerated for continued use in glycolysis
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1. Why don’t human muscle cells produce alcohol and CO2 during anaerobic respiration?
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a. We do not have the genes to produce the enzymes needed to generate alcohol and CO2
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1. What is the ultimate destination of hydrogen electrons in aerobic cellular respiration
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a. Oxygen
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1. Which electron carrier releases the most potential during the ETS?
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a. NADH
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1. Which of the following is not able to carry out photosynthesis?
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a. Frogs
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1. During the ____ reactions, ATP and NADPH are used to help combine carbon dioxide with a 5-carbon molecule, so that ultimately organic molecules, such as glucose, are produced
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a. Light independent
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1. Carbon dioxide undergoes carbon fixation, which occurs in the
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a. Calvin cycle
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Photosynthesis takes place in
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plants but not animals
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Which of the following are not molecules required for the light independent reactions
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glucose
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The molecule that traps the sun's energy is
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chlorophyll
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Which of the following are by-products of aerobic respiration
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CO2 and water only
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C6H12O6 + 6O2 6 CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy describes which of the following reactions
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aerobic respiration
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Aerobic cellular respiration takes place in
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both plants and animals.
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In the metabolism of a fatty acid to obtain energy, one of the first steps is that the fatty acid is broken down to
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glycerol
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In the electron transport system, the final hydrogen (electron) acceptor is
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oxygen.
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A. Which of the following pathways is an example of catabolism?
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Aerobic respiration 2. Photosynthesis 3. Reproduction 4. None of the above
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1. ATP is generated when hydrogen ions flow from a ____ concentration to a _____ concentration after they have been pumped from one side of the membrane to the other
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Low to higher
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The proton pump is responsible for the production of
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ATP'S
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NAD carries ____ to the electron transport system.
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hydrogen electrons
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PLB 115: TEST 2