55 Cards in this Set
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Which of the following is the outward appearance of an individual?
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Phenotype
Genotype
Genome
Diploid
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Incomplete dominance is best described as :
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a. the phenotype of a heterozygote is intermediate or blended
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1. What is the probability of a a homozygous recesssive offspring resulting from the mating of parents heterozygous for the trait?
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a)1:4
b)2:2
c)4:1
d)4:0
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Which of the following is an example of a diploid cell
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liver cell and muscle cell
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When does crossing over occur?
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Prophase 1
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What process produces genetically identical daughter cells
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Mitosis
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How many origins of replication do eukaryotes have?
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many
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what step in protein synthesis is responsible for making RNA?
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transcription
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Codons are read ___ # of nucleotides at a time
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3
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ight + 6CO2 + 6 H2O à C6H12O6 + 6 O2 best describes which of the following reactions
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photosynthesis
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The molecule that traps the sun's energy is
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chlorophyll
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Which of the following answers includes the 3 phases of Photosynthesis?
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Water capturing, light independent and light dependent
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15. ATP, NADPH, CO2, and a five-carbon starter molecule called ribulose are needed for the ________ of photosynthesis to occur.
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B. light-independent reactions
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A eukaryotic cell that has had a prokaryotic gene inserted is called
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a genetically engineered cell, a GMO, and a genetic recombinant.
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The laboratory procedure for copying selected segments of DNA is
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the polymerase chain reaction.
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1. Which of the following is not able to carry out photosynthesis?
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Frogs
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A _____ consists of stacks of membranous sacs containing chlorophyll
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granum
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During the ____ reactions, ATP and NADPH are used to help combine carbon dioide with a 5 carbon molecule , so that ultimately organic molecules such as glucose, are produced
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light independent
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Pigments other than the green chlorophyll that are commonly found in plants are collectively known as ____. These include the carotenoids
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ccessory pigments
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1. This enzyme speeds the combining of CO2 with an already carbon carbohydrate
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a. Ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase
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1. Carbon dioxide undergoes carbon fixation, which occurs during the
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Calvin cycle
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1. The chlorophylls and other pigments involved in trapping sunlight energy and storing it are arranged into clusters called
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cristae
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1. Light energy comes in discrete packages called
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photons
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1. The electrons released form photosystem _____end up in the chlorophyll molecules of photosystem ____
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2, 1
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1. _____ are sacs containing chlorophylls, accessory pigments , electron transport molecules, and enzymes
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chloroplasts
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1. Genetic information is stored in what type of chemical?
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a. Nucleic acids
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1. The difference between ribose and deoxyribose is
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an oxygen atom
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The nitrogenous bases in DNA
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Link the nucleotides together and are part of the genetic blueprint
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1. Transcription copies genetic information
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a. From RNA to DNA
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1. RNA polymerase starts synthesizing mRNA in eukaryotic cells because
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It finds a promoter sequence, Transcription factors interact with RNA polymerase, and The gene is in a region of loosely packed chromatin
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1. Under normal conditions, translation
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a. Reads in sets of three nucleotides called codons
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1. The function of tRNA is to
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a. Carry an amino acid to a working ribosome
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1. Enhancers
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a. Increase the transcription of specific genes
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1. The process that joins exons from mRNA is called
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splicing
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1. A deletion of a single base in the protein coding sequence of a gene will likely create a. No problems
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a frame shift
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1. What is the key difference between mitosis and meiosis?
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Mitosis produces cells genetically identical to the parent, whereas meiosis produces cells with half the genetic information as the parent
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1. Which of the following is true of interphase
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a. The chromosomes double their chromatids
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Chromosomes are most likely to appear to be lining up near the middle of the cell during which phase of mitosis
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metaphase
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1. Which of the following type of information do cells use to determine if they will divide
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a. Genetic health, Their current location, and The need for more cells
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1. P53 muations lead to cancer because
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DNA damage is not repaired, Mutated cells are allowed to grow, Multiple mutations in the cells regulatory proteins occur
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1. Haploid cells
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a. Carry one copy of the genetic information
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reduction division occurs
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in Meiosis 2
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1. Genetic diversity in the gametes an individual is generated through
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Independent assortment and segregation
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Trisomy means
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a. That three copies of a chromosome are present
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1. A nondisjunction event occurs when
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a. Homologous chromosomes did not separate correctly
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Homologous chromosomes
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a. Have the same genes in the same places
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1. Phenotype is the combination of alleles that an organism has, whereas genotype is its appearance (t/f)
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False
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1. A homozygous organism
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a. Has the same alleles as a locus, Has the same alleles as a gene, Produces gametes that all carry the same allele
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Segregation happens during meiosis (T/F)
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true
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alleles of different genes segregate (T/F)
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false
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1. Genes that are found only on the X chromosome in humans most consistently illustrate
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sex linkage
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1. Double factor crosses
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a. Follow the alleles for 2 genes
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1. Mendelian principles apply when genes are found close to each other on the same chromosomes (T/F)
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false
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____occur when there are more than 2 alleles for a given gene
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multiple alleles
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Dominant alleles mask ______ alleles in heterozygous organisms
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recessive
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PLB 115: TEST 2