PSY 20000:Chapter Two
21 Cards in this Set
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Percept
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3-d perception of an object, person, or event
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Sensation vs Perception
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ensation: physiological process that underlie information intake
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Perception: psychological process involved in the immediate organization and interpretation of sen…
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Bottom-up Processing (aka Data-driven Processing)
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flow of information that proceeds from the stimulus to the neural activity driven by this stimulus to its eventual identification
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the stimulus itself leads to a sensi…
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Top-down Processing (aka Conceptually Driven Processing)
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Take what we expect, know, and experience from a surrounding context to determine what we're sensing and subsequently perceiving.
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application of concepts to percept…
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Constructive View
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(by Helmholtz) it emphasizes the role of active construction and interpretation in arriving at a 3-d percept of the world; empahsizes top-down processing; perception = problem solving
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Direct View
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(by Gibson) emphasizes bottom-up processing- actual data being analyzed by visual mechanisms; what we perceive about the environment is perceived directly
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Schema
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cluster of knowledge
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Figure-Ground
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Our tendency to segregate visual scenes into a background and a figure that appears to be superimposed against that background
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Global Precedence
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term for when participants, even when instructed to look for the local letter, couldn't help but to encode the general letter
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Synesthesia
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experiences in which input from one sensory system produces an experience not only in that modality but in another as well. ...................
ex. experience (#) 9 as orange
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Embodied Perception
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(by Proffitt) says that perception doesn't involve "thinking" as much as it involves the body "reacting." And the "reaction" is influenced by a variety of non-visual factors such as bodily state, emotional state, and a person's goals.
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Consciousness
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Our awareness of internal and external events
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Access Consciousness
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used when manipulating representations which has the potential to influence mental processing or behavior. (Processing info without being aware of processing it)
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Phenomenal Consciousness
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subjective awareness of what the mind is currently doing
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Signal Detection Theory
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Authorship Processing
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set of processes that leads us to attribute events to the entities that are thought to have caused them
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Blindsight
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access consciousness in the absence of phenomenal consciousness
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Priming
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tendency for the processing of one stimulus to enhance the speed at which another related stimulus is processed
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Subliminal vs Supraliminal
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Sub- below the threshold of detection
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Supra- above the threshold of conscious awareness
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Objective Threshold
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presentation is at level of exposure that participants can't guess above the chance levels
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Subjective Threshold
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presentation is at level of exposure that participants do guess above the chance levels
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PSY 20000:Chapter One