PSY 20000:Chapter One
27 Cards in this Set
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Cognitive Psychology
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the scientific study of mental processes
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10 mental processes
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1-Perception; 2-Attention; 3-Immediate Memory; 4- Identifying and Classifying Objects; 5- Long-term Memory; 6- Autobiographical Memory; 7- Memory Distortion; 8- Language; 9- Decision Making; 10- Problem Solving
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Cognitive Science
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interdisciplinary effort to understand the mind
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Laws of Association
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the activation of concept "x" automatically leads to the activation of others
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Psychophysics
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the study of the relationship between the physical properties of a stimulus and the properties taken on when the stimulus is filtered through subjective experience (ex. brighter vs doubling the luminescence)
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Unconscious Inference
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inference= conclusion arrived at through some type of evidence........
unconscious= not consciously.................................................................
(ex. clock being brought closer to our face- we dont assume its a giant clock, but simply closer)
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Introspection
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procedure that requires participants to provide a rigorous, unbiased report of every element of the conscious experience that accompanies the presentation of some stimulus
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Structuralism
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applying the method of introspection to everyday experiences in the hopes of yielding the elemental sensations, images, and feelings that combine to produce everyday consciousness
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Functionalism
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Figuring out the functions of the mind (as opposed to conscious snapshots); figure out the purpose or functions of "x" (ex. anger)
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Behaviorism
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The study of observable responses and their relation to observable stimuli
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aka S-R Psychology (S-R= stimulus-response)
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Ebbinghaus
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Investigations of his own memory by learning non-sense words.
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Savings- relearning a list took less time, so it "saved" time
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Gestalt Approach
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The whole is different than the sum of the parts......................................
focused on the organizational principles that guide mental processing
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Information Processing Model
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uses the computer as a model for human cognition and is the modern view as of 2011
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Connectionism
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uses the brain (rather than a computer) as a basis for modeling cognitive processes. It's a simpler theory.
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Cognitive Neuroscience
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relates cognitive processes to their neural substrates
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Neuron
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electrochemical information processors; the nerve cell or the basic unit (see page 25 for parts and picture)
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Acton Potential
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an electrical process where a signal travels down the dendrites to the cell body down the length of the axon; this is an all or nothing stimulation
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Double Dissociation
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Patients with different areas of brain damage (X and Y)
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Patients with different areas of brain damage (X and Y)
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uses electrodes put on scalp to pick up the electrical current being conducted through the skull by the activity of neurons underneath
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ERP (event-related potentials)
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the changes that occur at certain critical points when observing an EEG
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MEG (magnetoencephalography)
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electrical potential in the brain produces magnetic fields; detectors use this to determine which area was active in response to different stimuli
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TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation)
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basically uses an electrical current coil to produce temporary and transient brain lesions
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PET scan
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uses radioactive substances ingested to trace brain activity; "hot" and "cold" colors to show more and less active brain areas
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fMRI
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reflects brain activity through changes in blood flow (like PET) but uses magnetic detectors that are sensitive to hemoglobin levels in the blood.
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Ecological Approach to Cognition
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focus on cognition as it occurs in everyday contexts
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Embodied Cognition
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says that thinking is dynamic and situated- it occurs in conjunction with action and within a broad context that guides and shapes it
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Evolutionary Perspective
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views cognitive processes as adaptations that have evolved because of their survival value
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PSY 20000:Chapter One