45 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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preconventional
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Obeying the world of authorities and fear of punishment, fairness
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conventional
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being good to those around you in regards to expectations, considering the good of society
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postconverntional
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Understanding that rules of society might differ for different groups but some liberties are universal,
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still face experiemtn
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when the moms stop responding to the babies
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prosicial behavior results
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•By 14 months, instrumental helping
•By 18 months, sympathy toward others in distress, attempts to comfort
•2 yr olds: sharing resources at a cost to themselves
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at 10 months can
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•interpreting others’ actions in terms of underlying goals,
•understand dyadic behavior as collaborative, especially when they have social experience with collaborative activity
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protective factors for children at risk
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–Good cognitive functioning (e.g. cognitive self-regulation, IQ)
–Positive relationships, especially with competent adults (not necessarily parents)
–Most resilient children have a strong relationship with at least one adult
|
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learned helplessness
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–High expectations,
–(realistic) goals,
–personal agency
–Adaptive distancing
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Academic disidentification
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•disidentifying/withrawing from domains in which you are negatively stereotyped
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Entity theory
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•ability as an entity, a gift that one either does or does not posses
–Fixed view. Ability not malleable
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incrimental theory
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•ability as a quality that can be developed through effort
–Malleable view. Ability can be developed, increased
|
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more fixed views on
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personality
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emotions
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Sadness, happiness, surprise, fear anger
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temperment
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–Strong biological component
–Seen very early in infants
–*Can* change with time, although probably not in extreme terms
|
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•Anxious Avoidant (an Insecure Attachment):
|
–Safe base for exploration: explores with or without caregiver’s presence
–Reunion with caregiver: does not seek out caregiver
–Early mothering: emotionally unavailable, dislikes neediness
|
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•Anxious Ambivalent (an Insecure Attachment):
|
–Safe base for exploration: stays close to caregiver, does not explore freely
–Reunion with caregiver: both seeks and rejects contact with caregiver
–Early mothering: may be attentive, but nit in response to baby’s cues or needs
|
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•Disorganized/Disoriented (an Insecure Disorganized Attachment):
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–Safe base for exploration: may “freeze”, explores in a disoriented fashion
–Reunion with caregiver: may go to caregiver while looking away, shows a dazed expression of fear
–Early mothering: intrusiveness, maltreatment and or/emotional unavailability, confusing or frightening
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secure base script
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•the expectation on the part of the child that distress will or will not be met with care, concern, and support; this develops based on early models of attachment
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social referencing
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when fall down look at mom to see if its ok
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socilization
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•the expectation on the part of the child that distress will or will not be met with care, concern, and support; this develops based on early models of attachment
|
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internilization of social norms
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•the process by which individual adopts the attitudes, beliefs, and values held by their society.
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Authoritative parenting
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high d, high a, best
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Authoritarian parenting
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high d, low a
|
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Permissive Parenting
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low d, high a
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Uninvolved/neglectful
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low d, low a
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preschool
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imaginative play
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social status
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•level of peer acceptance or peer rejection of an individual in a peer group
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unoccupied behavior
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•looking around at whatever occurs, but engaging in no activity
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onlooker behavior
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•Watching others play
|
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solitary independent play
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•Engaging actively with toys that are different from those being used by other children
|
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parallel play
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•playing next to, but not in interaction with each other, often using the same type of materials
|
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associative play
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•Playing with other children, sharing toys, and interacting, but with no overall organization of the group to achieve a common goal
|
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cooperative play
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•Playing as part of a group that has a common goal, such as building a building, creating make-believe scene such as “house” with assigned roles, or playing sports
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boys generally like to play in
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larger groups because it requires require cooperation and competition
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peer acceptance
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like most
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peer rejection
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like least
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popular children
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–high A, low R
|
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average children
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–average on A, R
|
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Controversial children
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high on a,r
|
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rejected children
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–low on A, high on R
|
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Neglected children
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low on a,r
|
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peer pressure
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–Peeks in early adolescence (around 14)
|
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divergent thinking
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creative ideas and thinking while coming up with many ideas
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convergent thinking
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find the correct answer
|
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self-efficacy
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the extent or strength of one's belief in one's own ability to complete tasks and reach goals
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PRE 305: Final