PRE 305 1st Edition Lecture 7 Outline of Last Lecture I. Infant physical and perceptual development A. The newbornB. Breastfeeding and developmentC. Motor controlD. Threats to developmentOutline of Current Lecture I. Infant cognitive developmentA. How do we study infantsB. Data collection with infantsC. The newborn’s brainD. Brain developmentE. Newborn reflexesF. Infant learningG. Infant cognitionCurrent LectureHow do we study infants?- Naturalistic or structured observationsData collection with infants:- Habituation: reduction in response to a repeated stimulus- Preferential looking: see which image a child likes to look at more or longer- Head-turningThe newborn’s brain:- Brain size: about 25% of what a fully developed adult brain isBrain development:- Synaptogenesis1. Neurons 2. Synapses3. Myelin sheath - Synaptic pruning: getting rid of connections that a child no longer needs.- Plasticity: allows for adapting in environment. Newborn reflexes:- Promote survival- Promote relationships- Indicate neurological healthInfant learning:- Habituation: associations with later IQ - Conditioning - Affordances: what opportunities are provided by a particular object or situation- Observational learningInfant cognition:- Physical knowledge- Social