PRE 305 4th Edition Lecture 6 Outline of Last Lecture I. Prenatal development and birthA. Periods of prenatal developmentB. Patterns of developmentC. FertilizationD. What affects prenatal developmentE. Birth: The mother’s experienceF. Birth: The child’s experience Outline of Current Lecture I. Infant physical and perceptual development A. The newbornB. Breastfeeding and developmentC. Motor controlD. Threats to developmentCurrent LectureThe newborn:- The Apgar tests: given to infants immediately after their born. Measures body and brain functioning. - Infant states1. Quiet alertness: paying attention to what’s going on, able to learn from environment.2. Active alertness: physical exploring, or fussiness.3. Crying4. REM sleep5. Regular sleep- Sleep: newborns typically sleep in 3-4 hour stretches. Large majority of infants sleep through thenight (5 hours at a time) by 3 months of age. 1. Sleeping arrangements: crib alone, or co-sleeping (sleeping with parents or mother)- SIDS (Sudden Infant Death Syndrome) Often accidentally suffocated by blankets, etc. Recommended to put children on back and tuck blanket into crib to prevent suffocation.- Development of senses1. Hearing2. Taste3. Vision: least developed sense when infant is first born- Depth perception: Visual cliff methodology, role of crawlingBreastfeeding and development:- Impact on physical development- Impact on cognitive development- Exposure to mother’s diet- Impact on parent-child relationship - How long should infants breastfeed? Usually the first 6 months of a child’s life.- Barriers to breastfeeding: mother going back to work, economic stability.Motor control:- Cephalocaudal and Proximodistal patterns of development - Control of head and neck1. Tummy time- Crawling: emerges usually around 6-7 months of age. Children will have different “styles” of crawling.- Walking: usually emerges around 1 year old. Also varies by children. Some may walk early but never crawl, etc. Threats to development:- Low birth weight/ prematurity: tend to have risk with physical and cognitive