BIO 116: PLANT STRUCTURE
43 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
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Eudicots
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- two seed leaves
- multiple flower parts
- ring stem vascular bundles
- branched root system
- branched leaf venation
- three pores (pollen)
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Monocots
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-one seed leaf
- three flower parts
- scattered stem vascular bundles
- fibrous roots
- parallel venation
- one pore
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Sporophyte
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diploid
- produces haploid spores by meiosis
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Gametophyte
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haploid
- produces gametes (eggs and sperm) by mitosis
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embryo
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sporophyte that is dormant in a seed with stored food and seed coat
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epicotyl
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embryonic shoot (leaves and stem)
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hypocotyl
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short stem-like region below epicotyl
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cotyledon
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starch storage "seed leaves"
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endosperm
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food for embryonic growth
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radicle
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embryonic root (first to emerge)
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germination
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activation of dormant embryo in a seed
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meristems
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regions of undifferentiated cells that produce new tissues by cell division
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shoot
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stem and leaves
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apical meristems
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produces stems, leaves, flowers, and roots
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lateral meristems
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annual thickening in woody plants
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2 types of mature plant production
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vegetative- roots and stems
reproductive- flowers
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plant shoots produce _____
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buds (vegetative or floral)
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tissues
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group of cells that perform a specific function
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organ
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group of tissues
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organ system
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group of organs
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3 types of Organs
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leaves, stems, and roots
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3 tissue types
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vascular, dermal and groud
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Leaves
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- photosynthetic
- gas exchange through stomata
- export organic products
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cuticle (epidermis-leaves)
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waxy layer for protection
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guard cells (epidermis)
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regulate opening and closing of stoma
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Palisade (mesophyll)
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elongated and packed (chloroplasts for photosynthesis)
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xylem
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conducts water and minerals
- tracheids
- perforation plates
- fibre
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phloem
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carries sugar products of photosynthesis
- sieve plate
- companion cell
- fibre
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stems
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support, storage, transport, protection
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Herbaceous stem
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primary growth initiated by apical meristms of shoots
- increase length
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Woody Stem
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secondary growth initiate by secondary meristems with increase in width
- only in dicots
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HErbaceous plants
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primary vascular tissues
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woody plants
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primary and secondary vascular tissue
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secondary xylem
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wood
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secondary phloem
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inner bark
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bark
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inner bark (secondary phloem)
outer bark (dead cork)
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secondary tissues
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produce vascular cambium (secondary xylem and phloem-annual rings) and cork
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modified stems
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rhizomes- underground stems
potato tubers- food in underground stem
stolons- above groud (strawberries)
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Roots
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anchor, nutrients, starch
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root cap
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protects growing tip, mucigel
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root apical meristem
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active in meristem
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Zone of elongation
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cells elongate by water uptake
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Zone of Maturation
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root cell differentiation
root hairs
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BIO 116: PLANT STRUCTURE