BIO 116: EXAM 2: DNA REPLICATION
22 Cards in this Set
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Building blocks of DNA
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G, C, A, T
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Building blocks RNA
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G, A, C, U
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Mendel
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theorized that traits are passed from parents to offspring in predictable patterns
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Thomas Hunt Morgan
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discovered genes are located on chromosomes using fruit flies eye color
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Watson & Crick
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"double helix" solved in 1953
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chromosomes made of:
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DNA and proteins (histone)
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virulence
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capacity to cause disease
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Frederick Griffith (1928) mouse exeperiment
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-studied 2 types of strep bacteria S (smooth) and R (rough) by injecting into mice
-S type = virulent (killed mice, did nothing when heated)
-R type = non virulent (no reaction)
-when injected with heated up S strain and R strain, mouse still died
-TRANSFORMING PRINCIPLE
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Avery, MacLeod, & McCarty- 1944
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-did not trust Griffiths findings, decided to test themselves using in vitro system
-isolated macromolecules from S type strain (carbs, RNA, DNA, proteins)
-R type strain only transformed to S type when put in the vial containing the DNA of the S type
- able to conclude the DNA is the …
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people still not convinced because DNA has only ___ building blocks
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4 (G, C, A, T)
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bacteriophage
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virus that infects bacteria, used to prove again that DNA is the transforming principle
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Purines
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2 ring structure, guanine (G) and adenine (A)
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Pyrimidines
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1 ring structure, cytosine (C) and thymine (T)
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Watson & Crick proposed...
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that DNA had to be one side purine the other side pyrimidine to maintain uniform size and in order to satisfy "Chagraff's Rules"
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Chagraff's Rules
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the amount of A is equal to the amount of T, and G=C
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DNA structure
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-deoxyribose (sugar), phosphate (negatively charged), and nitrogenous base (GATC)
-3' and 5' (prime) carbon on the sugar important
-antiparallel and complementary
-nitrogenous base planar (flat) and stack up
- more stable than RNA
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RNA structure
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ribose, phosphate, base (GAUC)
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when does DNA replication occur?
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during the S phase of the cell cycle
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Watson & Crick proposed 3 models of DNA replication
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conservative, semiconservative, and dispersive
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Conservative model
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2 strands separate, used as a template, then parent strands join back together and daughter strands join together
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Semiconservative Model
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parent strands separate, used as a template, one parent strand joins with one daughter for both new strands
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Dispersive Model
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DNA separates used as template, no rhyme or reason to how the strands come back together
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BIO 116: PLANT STRUCTURE