PSYCH 1000: Hard terms exam 1
36 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Monism
|
Philosophical position which argues that the variety of things can be explained in terms of a single reality or experience.
|
|
Introspection
|
A systematic examination of subjective mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts
|
|
Structuralism
|
An approach to psychology based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken don into its basic underlying components.
|
|
Functionalism
|
An approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and behavior
|
|
Gestalt Theory
|
based on the idea that the whole of personal experiences is different from simply the sum of its constituent elements
|
|
Terminal Buttons
|
Small nodules, at the ends of axons, that release chemical signals from the neuron into the synapse.
|
|
Nodes of Ranvier
|
Small gaps of exposed axons, between the segments of myelin sheath, where action potentials are transmitted.
|
|
Resting Potential
|
The electrical charge of a neuron when it is not active.
|
|
Acetylcholine
|
the neurotransmitter responsible for motor control at the junction between neres and muscles; alsof involved in mental processes such as learning, memory, sleeping, and dreaming
|
|
Serotonin
|
A monoamine neurotransmitter important for a wide range of psychological activity, including emotional states, impulse control, and dreaming
|
|
Dopamine
|
monoamine neurotransmitter involved in motivation, reward, and motor control over voluntary movement
|
|
GABA
|
- the primary inhibitory transmitter in the nervous system
|
|
EEG
|
Electrical Activity in the brain
|
|
MRI
|
most powerful imaging technique - structures
|
|
PET
|
changes in blood flow and metabolic activity shows where areas are active
|
|
fMRI
|
oxygen levels show what areas are active.
|
|
TMS
|
Activating and deactivating brain areas, briefly disrupting brain activity it attempts at assessing causality in brain research – what regions are being used
|
|
Pons
|
part of brainstem that links medulla and midbrain
|
|
Medulla
|
lower half of the brainstem
|
|
Midbrain
|
portion of central nervous system associated with vision, hearing, motor control, sleep/wake, arousal, and temperature regulation. Connected to Pons, top of brainstem.
|
|
Forebrain
|
Cerebral Cortex and Subcortical Structures
|
|
Thalamus
|
The gateway to the brain; it receives almost all incoming sensory information before that information reaches the cortex. Way station or traffic officer, sensory relay.
|
|
Hypothalamus
|
brain structure that is involved in the regulation of bodily functions, including body temperature, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels; it also influences our basic motivated behaviors. VITAL FUNCTIONS, hunger, thirst, reproduction, body temperature, hormone release (with pituitary)
|
|
Limbic System
|
grouping of subcortical structures between higher and lower parts of the brain, includes Amygdala and Hippocampus
|
|
Amygdala
|
A brain structure that serves a vital role in our learning to associate things with emotional responses and in processing emotional information. Arousal and regulation of emotions, on tips of Hippocampus
|
|
Hippocampus
|
A brain structure that is associated with the formation of memories. “Sea horse” shape”, memory: formation and recall of memories.
|
|
Basal Ganalia
|
Coordination of voluntary movement, Nucleus Accumbens: reward and motivation. A system of subcortical structures that are important for the production of planned movement.
|
|
– Nucleus Accumbens
|
reward and motivation, in basal Ganglia
|
|
Occipital
|
vision, back of the brain, in cerebral cortex
|
|
Parietal
|
Touch, on top of the brain, cerebral cortex
|
|
Temporal
|
hearing and speech comprehension, bottom of brain, cerebral cortex
|
|
Frontal
|
movement, speech production, planning, social norms, higher mental functions, front of brain, cerebral cortex
|
|
Visual Agnosia
|
inability to recognize familiar objects, Occipital lobe
|
|
Hemineglect
|
inability to attend to stimuli from one side of the body, parietal lobe
|
|
Wernicke's Aphasia
|
loss of language comprehension, temporal lobe
|
|
Broca's Aphasia
|
disorder of speech production, frontal lobe
|
Study Guide: Final Exam