PSYCH 1000: EXAM 1
31 Cards in this Set
| Front | Back |
|---|---|
|
Psychology
|
The Study of mind and behavior
|
|
Mind
|
Thoughts- belief, attitudes
Feelings- sadness, anger
Hypothetical Constructs- learning, motivation and personaity
|
|
Behavior
|
Actions- things we do
Behavior is observable
|
|
Critical Thinking
|
The ability and willingness to assess claims and to make judgments on the basis of well-supported reasons.
|
|
Mind/Body Problem
|
How are mind and body connected?
|
|
"Astonishing Hypothesis"
|
You, your joys and your sorrows, your memories and your ambitions, your sense of personal identity and free will, are in fact no more than the behavior of a vast assembly of nerve cells and their associated molecules. As Lewis Carroll’s Alice would describe this, ‘You’re noting but a pack…
|
|
Dualism (Descartes)
|
The idea that mind and body are separate but intertwined, body was the physical machine and the mind was immaterial and divine. Descartes argued “I think, therefore I am” and justified by the creativity and spontaneity of human action. Dualism seemed right showing personal identity but is…
|
|
Introspection (Wundt)
|
A systematic examination of subjective mental experiences that requires people to inspect and report on the content of their thoughts. Wundt didn’t want to just study mental reaction times, wanted to measure conscious experiences. He founded modern experimental psychology.
|
|
Structuralism (Titchener)
|
An approach to psychology based on the idea that conscious experience can be broken don into its basic underlying components. Titchener was a student of Wundt, used introspection to found school of structuralism.
|
|
Functionalism (James)
|
An approach to psychology concerned with the adaptive purpose, or function, of mind and behavior. Mind came into existence over the course of human evolution, works as it does because it is useful for preserving life and passing along genes to future generations.
|
|
Evolutionary Theory (Darwin)
|
A theory presented by the naturalist Charles Darwin; it views history of a species in terms of the inherited, adaptive value of physical characteristics, of mental activity and behavior.
|
|
Gestalt Theory (Wertheimer/Kohler)
|
A theory based on the idea that the whole of personal experiences is different from simply the sum of its constituent elements. In other words the whole is different from the sum of its parts. Ex. If you see a triangle on paper, you see a triangle, not three lines on a paper.
|
|
Contemporary Perspectives in Psychology (7)
|
Biological
Behavioral
Cognitive Psychology
Psychodynamic
Humanistic
Evolutionary
Social
|
|
Biological
|
how the physical body, including the brain, contributes to the mind
|
|
Individual
|
---
|
|
Social
|
Group contests affect how people interact and influence each other.
|
|
Cultural
|
thoughts, feelings and actions different across cultures.
|
|
Scientific Method
|
A method of inquiry based on the systematic gather of observable, measurable evidence.
|
|
Theory vs. Hypothesis
|
A theory is a model of interconnected ideas or concepts that explains what is observed and makes predictions about the future while a hypothesis is a specific prediction of what should be observed if a theory is correct. A good theory is what generates a hypothesis.
|
|
Research
|
A scientific process that involves the systematic and careful collection of data.
|
|
Data
|
Objective observations or measurements
|
|
Replication
|
Repetition of an experiment to confirm that the results are accurate.
|
|
Variable
|
Something in the world that can vary and that a researcher can measure.
|
|
Operational definitions
|
Measurable definition of a construct
|
|
Population/Sample
|
partial collection of a population, researchers try to generalize findings from sample to population.
|
|
Representative Sample/Convenience Sample
|
Matches population on important characteristics like age, sex, and other characteristics that might influence results.
|
|
Random Sample
|
Everyone has equal chance of being selected
|
|
Three Types of Psychological Studies
|
Descriptive Studies
Correlational Studies
Experimental Studies
|
|
Descriptive Studies (observational)
|
1. Goal is to observe and describe, can use: case studies, surveys, longitudinal studies, cross-sectional studies, etc. Experimenter can be uninvolved or involved, experimenter attempts to be objective and avoid bias. a. Naturalistic vs. participant observation
|
|
Naturalistic vs. Participant Observation
|
a. Naturalistic is when experimenter doesn’t intervene at all and stays uninvolved while patient observation the experimenter is involved.
|
|
Correlational Studies
|
a. Correlation does not equal __________ Causation
b. Directionality problem- A problem encountered in correlational studies; the researchers find a relationship between two variables, but they cannot determine which variable may have caused changed in the other variable.
c. Third Varia…
|
Study Guide: Final Exam